1. Substance Use and Abuse
Tobacco and Alcohol

2. Why Some People Smoke, Drink and abuse drugs…
Curiosity – Need to find out for themselves
Peer Influence and Role Modelling - People they like and respect do it
Rationalization of use -They don’t see how it will do any harm
Rebellion - People in positions of authority have told them not to
Escape from stress – does it really work?

3. Peer Influence and Decision Making
Teens are susceptible to making choices based on faulty logic and pressure
Using mind altering substances can lead to a compounding of bad decisions!!
Use the Peer Pressure worksheet provided to complete the homework assignment
8 marks - Knowledge

4. Anatomy of a Cigarette

5. Hazards of Smoking Short-term effects: Long-term effects:
Heart rate and blood pressure rise
Breathing gets faster
Dizziness
Diarrhea and vomiting
Reduced fitness and athletic ability
Smoker’s breath
Long-term effects:
Cancer of the lungs, mouth, and throat
Respiratory disease
Heart attack
Stroke
Stomach ulcers
Cardiovascular disease
Poor dental health

6. Second-Hand Smoke
Exhaled smoke from a smoker, or smoke from a smouldering cigarette, is breathed in by another person
A person exposed to second-hand smoke is more likely to develop:
Respiratory problems
Coughing, phlegm, chest discomfort
Heart disease

7. Second-Hand Smoke
Causes 1,000 deaths in Canadian non-smokers each year
Children whose parents smoke tend to have more:
Ear infections
Chest infections
Asthma

8. The Rewards of Not Smoking
Reduce the risk of:
Lung cancer and other cancers
Heart attack
Stroke
Chronic lung disease
Stopping smoking reduces the risk of smoking-related cardiovascular disease by 50 percent in one year

9. The Rewards of Not Smoking
Other good reasons to quit:
More money in your pocket for other things
Withdraw your support of the tobacco industry
Can participate in physical activity more comfortably
No more foul-smelling smoker’s breath
Fewer visits to your doctor
No more freezing outside in Canadian winters

10. ACTIVITY Watch the truth about smoking video
Complete all the worksheets related to smoking and tobacco products
5 marks – Application

11. Alcohol
Produced by fermenting or distilling various fruits, vegetables, or grains
Pure ethyl alcohol is mixed with other ingredients that affect the colour and reduce the alcohol content
Aside from caffeine, the most used drug in Canada and around the world

12. Alcohol Content

13. The Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on the Body
Heavy, long-term drinking (more than 2 drinks per day) leads to a number of serious health problems, including:
Liver damage
Heart disease
Ulcers
Certain types of cancer
Blackouts
Brain damage
Sexual problems

14. The Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
Dependence
Long-term, heavy use leads to “tolerance”
Needs more drinks to get “drunk”
Withdrawal symptoms can include sleeplessness, sweating, vomiting, tremors, seizures, and hallucinations
Withdrawal symptoms can sometimes lead to death

15. The Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
Alcoholism (Alcohol Dependency Syndrome)
Can lead to problems with the law, money, domestic, and workplace
Injuries from car accidents, drowning, falls, work-related accidents, or fights

16. The Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
Alcohol and Violence
Lowers inhibitions, reduces judgment, and can feed anger
Alcohol and Driving
In 2001, 38% of all Canadian drivers killed in road accidents had been drinking

17. Video and Worksheets Watch the video “The truth about Drinking”
Complete all the worksheets related to alcohol
5 marks - Application

18. What is in Marijuana?
It is the hemp plant Cannabis sativa that contains the active chemical THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)
It is ingested by smoking or cooking it and eating it
It is purchased for use as a dry, shredded green/brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves, or in resin form as a putty type substance (hashish) or as an oil.
Common names: weed, pot, herb, Mary Jane, ganja

19. Short Term Effects Dry mouth
rapid heartbeat (Marijuana increases heart rate by % shortly after smoking (up to 3 hours))
Minor loss of coordination and balance, and a slower than normal reaction time
blood vessels expand so user’s eyes look red
Increases in appetite
Paranoia or anxiety can increase
Difficulty in logical thinking, problem solving,
Difficulties with learning and memory

20. Longer Term Effects…
Lungs: smoke contains more carcinogens than tobacco smoke (leads to cancer).
Respiratory problems (daily cough and phlegm production, frequent acute chest illness, and a heightened risk of lung infections)
Study of 450 individuals: more frequent health problems, missed more days of work
Reduced immune system response
Reduced fertility

21. Effects (cont.)
Strong link between Marijuana and Mental Health problems:
anxiety, depression and schizophrenia are all linked to use
Heavy users of marijuana at age 18 increased risk of schizophrenia by 6 times (some had no history!)
Frequent use of marijuana can double teen’s risk of depression and anxiety.
Teenagers 12 to 17 who smoke marijuana weekly are 3 times more likely to have thoughts of committing suicide

22. Not Just Your Health is Effected Negatively!!
Studies have shown that long term marijuana users experience…
Higher dropout rates
teenage marijuana user's odds of dropping out are more than twice that of a non-user
increased absences, tardiness, accidents, workers’ compensation claims, and job turnover.
Decreased life achievement including poorer education, job achievement, and career status
Less life satisfaction including more interpersonal and social life difficulties.

23. Marijuana Mythbusters
MYTH #1: Marijuana is harmless
FACT: Marijuana is #1 illegal drug among youth today
can lead to health, social, learning, and behavioural problems
impairs judgment, which can lead to risky decision making on issues like sex, criminal activity, or riding with someone who is under the influence of drugs or alcohol
contributes to general apathy, irresponsible
behaviour, and risky choices.

24. MYTH #2: You can’t get addicted to Marijuana
FACT: Research shows that marijuana use can lead to addiction.
More kids enter treatment with a primary diagnosis of marijuana dependence than for all other illegal drugs combined.
Long-term marijuana abusers trying to quit report irritability, sleeplessness, decreased appetite, anxiety, and drug craving
Physiological vs. Psychological

25. MYTH #3: There are no long-term consequences to marijuana use
Fact : Recent research shows that marijuana use can expedite the development of mental health disorders like depression and schizophrenia
Fact: Marijuana smoke contains carcinogens and therefore can cause cancer in its users – similar to the effects of smoking tobacco products
Fact: THC impairs the immune system from functioning properly and therefore users are more likely to get acutely and chronically ill.

26. Is Using Marijuana just a part of growing up?
Grade 12: Fewer then 1 in 4 use Marijuana though 42.6% have used it at some point
Decline: from late 1990’s through 2007 over 20% combined in Grade 8, 10, and 12.

27. Is Marijuana a Gateway Drug?
2007: the majority of youth (age 17 or younger) entering drug abuse treatment reported marijuana
Long-term studies: very few young people use other drugs without trying marijuana first.
Complete the Marijuana worksheets provided – 4 marks (application)

28. Dealing with Dependence
When does substance use become substance dependence?
If use is causing a person problems and he or she continues to use
Physicians, psychologists, and social workers must perform an assessment to rate the severity of a dependence and then work out a course of action

29. Substance Dependence?
Are you taking larger amounts of the substance or using over a longer period than was intended?
Have you tried but failed to cut back or control your substance use?
Do you spend a great deal of time on activities to obtain the substance, use the substance, and recover from its effects?
Are you giving up or reducing important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of substance use?

30. Substance Dependence?
Are you continuing to use a substance even though you suspect it is causing problems in various areas of your life (e.g., family, school, social, financial, legal, work)?
Do you keep using in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms?

31. Finding Help: The Sooner, The Better
Talk to the user about your concerns
Help him or her contact:
A guidance counsellor
Their local addiction service office
A local Alcoholics or Narcotics Anonymous meeting
Deal with it immediately and don’t allow the situation to worsen

32. Media and Popular Culture -
Many forms of media create links with products such as tobacco, alcohol and marijuana and living a certain lifestyle
These images help shape our ideas of what is normal or desirable behaviour
As a teenager you are more likely to be influenced by these images and ideas… teens are also at a point in their lives where they are curious about finding things out for themselves and therefore often make poor choices concerning substance use and abuse

33. Assignment
Activity:
Research and produce three example of alcohol, tobacco or marijuana use in the media.
Sources can be from any form of media
10 marks - communication
3 marks/example – 1 mark for presentation
Answer the following in your three individual write ups
Who is the target audience of this ad/media piece?
What product are they positively portraying?
How does it create a temptation for teens?

34. Awareness Poster
Use the assignment handout provided to complete a substance use awareness poster
10 Marks – communication – rubric is on the handout