1. Figure 2-1 Anatomy of a sine wave 270 0 180 0 90 0 0 One Second One cycle 360 0 V = Voltage t = time A = Amplitude One cycle per second = one Hertz a a One Hertz t

2. Figure 2-2 Cycles per second 2 cycle per second (2 Hz) 1 cycle per second (1 Hz) 4 cycle per second (4 Hz) One Second

3. Figure 2-3 Electromagnetic Wave form

4. Figure 2-4 Phase Shift 90 degree phase shift 270 degree phase shift 180 degree phase shift 90 0 270 0 180 0

5. Figure 2-5 Three important components of a telephone hand set

6. Figure 2-6 Telephone Carbon Microphone

7. Figure 2-7 How a speaker works

8. Figure 2-8 Telephone components with duplex coil and touch-tone keypad

9. Figure 2-9 Residential cabling Residences

10. Figure 2-10 Roadside wiring concentrator Typical phone company boxe (wiring concentrator) that you have seen by the side of the road

11. Figure 2-11 Entrance bridge Ground wire From the Central Office To phones inside house Entrance Bridge

12. Figure 2-12 Analog to digital signals and transmission techniques Analog Data Digital Data Analog Data Analog Transmission (PSTN) Digital Transmission (Digital Data Lines Digital Transmission (Digital Data Lines or LAN Analog Transmission (PSTN) Modem Modulator Codec Digital Transmitter Analog Signal Digital Signal

13. Figure 2-13 Coding and digitizing

14. Figure 2-14 Dual tone dialing pad

15. Figure 2-15 Two-wire and four-wire pairs

16. Figure 2-16 Two-wire circuit

17. Figure 2-17 Four-wire circuit Customer SiteCarrier Transmit Receive

18. Figure 2-18 CPE (Customer Premises Equipment), lines, trunks, switches

19. Figure 2-19 The anatomy of an analog voice channel Frequency multiplexed voice signals Bandwidth of a voice channel

20. Figure 2-20 Electromagnetic Spectrum

21. Chapter 02 Figure 2-1 Anatomy of a sine wave Figure 2-2 Cycles per second Figure 2-3 Electromagnet Wave form Figure 2-4 Phase shift Figure 2-5 Three important components of a telephone hand set Figure 2-6 Telephone carbon microphone Figure 2-7 How a speaker works Figure 2.8 Telephone components with duplex coil and touch-tone keypad Figure 2-9 Residential Cabling Figure 2-10 Roadside wiring concentrator Figure 2-11 Entrance bridge Figure 2-12 Analog and digital signals and transmission techniques Figure 2-13 Coding and digitizing [Figure 2-14 Dual tone dialing pad Figure 2-15 Two-wire and four wire pairs Figure 2-16 Two-wire circuit Figure 2-17 Four-wire circuit Figure 2-18 CPE (Customer Premises Equipment), lines, trunks, switches Figure 2-19 The anatomy of an analog voice channel Figure 2-20 Electromagnetic Spectrum