1. The Holocaust A Timeline The Holocaust

2. Holocaust Timeline 1933 January – Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany March – SS opens the Dachau concentration camp

3. 1933 - April Boycott of Jewish owned businesses, restrictions on school and university attendance and medical and legal professions

4. 1933 - July Laws passed to permit forced sterilization of Roma, the mentally and physically disabled, African-Germans, and others considered “inferior”

5. Aryan requirement for civil service job Jews removed from military jobs Outlawed ritual slaughter of animals (prevented Jews from following dietary laws) Forbid Jews from acting on stage or screen Examples of Restrictions

6. Quota on admission of “non-Aryans” to public schools and universities Jewish children banned from participating in Aryan school activities, public parks and playgrounds Revoked licenses of Jewish doctors, lawyers and accountants or refused payments from state

7. September 1935 Nuremberg Race Laws Excluded German Jews from citizenship Prohibited Jews from marrying other Germans Ended most political rights for Jews –Lost right to vote –Could not hold public office

8. Nuremberg Race Laws Defined anyone as Jewish if they had 3 or 4 Jewish grandparents, regardless of Jewish practices, even Christian converts.

9. 1935 – March – Germany introduces military draft 1936 – March – Germany occupies Rhineland 1938 – March – Anschluss joins Austria with Germany

10. Kristallnacht “Night of Broken Glass” Nov. 9/10 – 1938 Wave of violent anti- Jewish attacks throughout Germany, Austria, and German occupied areas of the Sudetenland in Czecholslovakia SA and Hitler Youth units attack Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues while police and firefighters stand and watch

11. After Kristallnacht Increased “Aryanization” efforts Jews barred from all public schools Jews barred from cinemas, theaters, sports facilities Zones in cities barred to Jewish Jews with “non-Jewish” names had to add Israel or Sara to their names

12. After Kristallnacht continued Jews required to carry ID cards identifying their religion Jewish passports stamped with “J”

14. 1939 – Sept. 1 Germany invades Poland, triggering start of World War II 1939 – 1941 German army rounds up tens of thousands of Jews from occupied areas and kills them with mass firing squads 1941 Star of David required to be worn by all Jews Chelmno killing center opened by SS in occupied Poland, the first to use poison gas for the mass murder of Jews

16. 1942 Germans begin mass deportation of over 65,000 Jews from France to death camps in the east Deportation of 100,000 Jews from occupied Netherlands to the camps Deportation of over 300,000 Jews from Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka killing center

17. Concentration Camps

18. 1943 April – Warsaw ghetto uprising October – Rescue of Danish Jews 1944 Germans occupy Hungary, begin mass deportation of 440,000 Jews to death camps July – British-American forces break out of Normandy

19. 1944 August – Liberation of Paris by Allies 1945 – January Soviet winter offensive Death march of 110,000 prisoners from Auschwitz and Stutthof camps in Poland just days before arrival of Soviets to liberate the camps

20. Death Marches After Soviet and Allied forces grew closer, the SS orders all concentration camp prisoners evacuated towards Germany to prevent them from telling the world about the camps and to use them as hostages in peace talks. Thousands of prisoners too weak to walk were shot or died of exhaustion, starvation or exposure.

21. 1945 – April – Americans liberate the Dachau concentration camp

22. 1945 - April - Hitler commits suicide -May - Germany surrenders

23. Statistics of the Holocaust Poland – 91% of Jews killed 3,000,000 killed, 300,000 survivors Slovakia, Yugoslavia, Greece, Lithuania, Romania, Latvia Over 80% of Jews killed Hungary, Netherlands – over 70% of Jews killed Jews also murdered in high numbers in the USSR, Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, Italy, Estonia, Luxembourg, Norway

24. Total Deaths from Nazi Genocidal Policies Group Deaths European Jews5,600,000 to 6,250,000 Soviet prisoners of war3,000,000 Polish Catholics3,000,000 Serbians700,000 (Croat Ustasa persecution) Roma, Sinti, and Lalleri222,000 to 250,000 Germans (political, religious, and Resistance) 80,000 Germans (handicapped)70,000 Homosexuals12,000 Jehovah’s Witnesses2500