1. Up-scaling of Basic Sanitation for the Urban Poor (UBSUP) The UBSUP Preparatory Study Objectives, Approach & Key findings 1

2. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Baseline & Ideas The UBSUP Preparatory Study: The study was undertaken to collect baseline data against which progress & impact can be measured and to get a better understanding of the current sanitation situation The data was needed for the development of: Technical options (toilets) Social marketing programme Business & financing models To note: The study is an on-going activity! Currently, the UBSUP team is undertaking a study on toilet use and practices among the people living in urban Low Income Areas (LIAs) 2

3. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Main objectives The main objective of the study was to collect: Data on the current situation: what people have and do (practices) and how they perceive the current situation Data on knowledge and attitudes regarding health & sanitation Information on the plans people have with regard to sanitation The preferences they have when it comes to sanitation. What do people really want? 3

4. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Key Issues Addressed The key issues addressed by the study: Population and the composition of plots and households Landlords and tenants Habitation patterns, Land ownership and housing Water supply Sanitation (current situation, preferences & willingness to pay) Solid waste 4

5. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Key components Main components of the study: 1.Qualitative study (5 towns) 2. Study among users of improved sanitation 3. Study among potential users of compost 4. Quantitative study (11 towns)  Household level social survey (1,134 household interviews)  Household level technical survey (954 interviews)  Units of interview & analysis: Household & plot  Participation in the study: 77% women 5

6. UBSUP Preparatory Study: The Programme Key steps that were involved: 1.Preparation of study programme 2.Preparation of the study tools (questionnaires) 3.Identification of the study cities & towns 4.Training of 16 data collectors, drivers & supervisors 5.Finalisation of the data colection tools 6.Data collection 7.Data entry 8.Formulation of queries 9.Report writing 6

7. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Selected findings (1) Key findings: Electricity: 43% of all households have a connection Water: 26% of all plots are connected tot the network Sanitation at household level: o Traditional pit latrine: 55% o Improved pit latrine: 18% o Pour flush: 11% o Flying toilet: 5% Access to latrines: Only 19% of all households have their own toilet (Muslims 26%) 7

8. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Selected Findings (2) Living conditions: Plots owned by landlord/landlady who has tenants:82% Income generating activities/unemployment: men 13% women 29% Household items: 50% of all households own a TV Rent: 86% of all households pay KSh 2,000 or less Housing materials: 49% mud; 19% stones 8

9. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Findings (3) Sanitation: Hand-washing: Christians 88%; Muslims 98% Toilet with handwashing facility: 3% Anal cleansing: Water 28%; tissues 56%; newspaper 15% 9

10. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Findings (4) Sanitation at household level: Main disadvantage of sharing a toilet: 72% poor maintenance & hygiene; 20% queing Gender & toilet sharing: At 92% of all households men and women share the toilet Number of people using the same toilet: Isiolo 11 persons; Nakuru 24 persons (on average) Materials used for building toilets: Mud, stones, bricks & timber Technical condition of toilets: Poor 38%; fair 33%; good 25% 10

11. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Findings (5) Toilet emptying: 80% does not use emptying services (manual, mechanical, exhausters) Toilets of over 60% of all households do not get emptied 11

12. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Findings (6) Sanitation satisfaction levels: Not satisfied 67% Overall satisfaction level: Not satisfied 67% 12

13. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Findings (7) Types of toilets used by households: 13

14. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Findings (8) Preferred toilets: 14

15. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Findings (9) 15 Willingness & ability to pay:

16. UBSUP Preparatory Study: Findings (10) 16 Willingness & ability to pay:

17. Thank You! 17