1. THE ENDURING VISION : CHAPTERS 7 APUSH: Unit 4

2. Post Revolution Populations

3. Establishing the National Government Elect the PresidentElect CongressOrganize the Judiciary

4. First elections Fall 1788 Unanimous Choice, Washington runner up John Adams becomes VP Congress NYC-1 st Capital of U.S. Senate-20 House-59 John Jay -1 st Supreme Court Chief Justice Judiciary Act of 1789-estabished Federal courts in each state.

5. Bill of Rights-1 st Ten Amendments - 1791 last great compromise of the Constitution 1 st - speech, religion, press, assembly and petition. 2 nd -militia and bear arms 3 rd -no quartering of soldiers 4 th no illegal search and seizure 5 th -due process (remain silent) 6 th - jury trial 7 th - jury trial in civil cases 8 th - no cruel punishment 9 th -basic human rights 10 th -all other rights devolve back to people and states.

6. G.W. Established a Diverse Cabinet Secretary of State- Thomas Jefferson Secretary of the Treasury- Alexander Hamilton Secretary of War- Henry Knox 1 st Supreme Court Justice- John Jay

7. Sec. of Treasury-Alexander Hamilton new Policies 1. Fund national debt of 54 mill by selling government bonds (also tax Whiskey)  Assume the remaining state debts also(21.5 mill) 2. Recommends forming a National Bank under necessary and proper clause-created in 1791 for 20 yrs.  Raise money through public stock offerings  Cost taxpayer nothing-strengthen economy  Resentment toward bank was strongest in South and west. 3. Started the split that ended in two political parties: Federalists (Hamilton, Adams, Washington) and Republicans (Madison, Jefferson)

8. States were split over debt assumption Most southern states had paid 85% of their debt so they didn’t see this as fair. Compromise- move new national capital to between Maryland and Virginia (much more southern than either Philadelphia or New York.) and this brought the south on board.

9. Whiskey Rebellion 1794 Part of Hamilton’s plan-tax 7 cents per gallon on whiskey Most farmers turned rye or corn into whiskey which didn’t rot, affects west and south (took longer time to get to market) Resistance in PA 7.1794-Washington, 13,000 put it down. Let people know that “resistance is futile,”

10. Can’t get no respect! Spain closes New Orleans and therefore Mississippi River access in1784 Britain tries to annex Vermont and still keeps a trail of trading posts in America Bothe Spain and Britain encourage Indian aggression so U.S. can’t control half of the new territory. France wants their debts repaid. North Africa (Tripoli) pirates attack U.S. ships in the Mediterranean, seize their cargos and enslave their crew.

11. French Revolution- Viva la France 1 st Americans are in favor- but it turns violent and war starts in Europe Washington knows we can’t go to war. We are to weak. Neutrality Proclamation 1793- we state we will not take sides Both parties mad- then Citizen Genet (Fr) encouraged sailors to attack Brit ships, invade Florida Genet tries to go over Washington’s head so he is kicked out of the country.

12. Birth of American Political (not economic) Isolationism Britain ignores American neutrality and seizes 300 merchant ships, takes the cargo and impresses their crews into service in their navy.( We are not IMPRESSED) Some want war, but Washington sends John Jay to Britain to make a treaty- Jay’s Treaty gets Britain to agree to pay American’s for their lost crews and cargos but they didn’t promise not to do it in the future (and they do.) America promises to pay war debts to Britain (as we had agreed in the Treaty of Paris)

13. John Adams becomes 2 nd President Washington refuses 3 rd term- warns us against involvement in foreign affairs- becomes our policy for the next 165 years. Adams receives most votes because Hamilton’s financial policies make him unpopular. Jefferson becomes VP with 2 nd most electoral votes. France considers treaty with Britain a violation of our treaty with them and starts seizing U.S. ships Adams sends 3 men to France to make a new treaty.

14. X,Y, Z Affair Elbridge Gerry John Marshall Charles Pinckney 3 French agents meet U.S. and demand2 50,00 bribe to start negotiatio ns and France wants 12 million loan,

15. Huge Scandal against France American’s are outraged and they return home without any treaty but they are cheered for doing the “right thing” “Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute (bribery)” We can’t afford a war but a “faux war” with France goes on at sea for 2.5 yrs. U.S. captures 80+ French ships- takes crews prisoners Treaty of 1800 with Napoleon ends aggression

16. Alien, Sedition and Espionage Acts Requires 14 yrs. residence not usual 5 Passed by Federalist Alien Anyone critical of Pres or cabinet could be fined Or Imprisoned Sedition Pres. Could deport aliens during peacetime Jail them in war time Espionage

17. 1798 Virginia and Kentucky Jefferson wrote laws for Kentucky that nullified Alien and Sedition Acts Kentucky and Virginia resolutions stress contract theory of gov. if we don’t like what is done we nullify it. Madison wrote laws for Virginia that nullified Alien and Sedition Acts.

18. Election of 1800 Peaceful transfer from Federalist party to Democratic Repulicans As profound a revolution as the original.