1. Chapter 15 Urban America Section 2 Urbanization

2. Americans Migrate to Cities  The urban population of the U.S. grew from about 10 million in 1870 to over 30 million by 1900.  Immigrants remained in cities & worked for little pay.  Farmers moved to cities because: –Better paying jobs –Electricity –Running water –Plumbing –entertainment

3. The New Urban Environment  Housing & transportation needs changed due to the increase in # of people in cities.  As price of land increased, building owners began to build up.  Skyscrapers – tall steel frame buildings, met this need.

4. Louis Sullivan  Sullivan contributed to the design of skyscrapers.

5. Eliel House  Built 1886

6. Jewelers’ Building  Built 1881-1882

7. Kaufmann Store and Flats  South Half 1883  North Half 1887

8. Auditorium  Built 1886-1890

9. Mass Transit  Late 1800s, mass transit developed to move large numbers of people around cities quickly.

10. Horsecar

11. Electric Trolley - 1910

12. Elevated Railroads

13. Separation of Class  Definite boundaries were set b/w the wealthy, middle class, and working class.  Wealthy lived in the heart of the city in elaborate buildings.  Middle class (doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers) lived away from the city.  Working class lived in tenements, or dark & crowded multi-family apartments.

14. Separation by Class *Don’t Write*  Average salaries: –Middle Class - $1,100 –Working Class - $445

15. Tenement – Current Day

16. Tenement - 1890

17. Tenement - 1912

18. Urban Problems  Growth in cities resulted in an increase in crime, fire, disease, and pollution.  Native-born Americans blamed immigrants for the increase in crime.  Alcohol contributed to crime in the late 1800s  Contaminated drinking water from improper sewage disposal resulted in epidemics of typhoid fever and cholera.

19. Urban Politics  The political machine, an informal political group designed to gain and keep power, provided essentials to city dwellers in exchange for votes.  Party bosses ran the political machines.

20. George Plunkitt  Irish immigrant  One of NYC’s most powerful bosses.

21. Urban Politics  Party Bosses had tight control of the city’s money.  Many became wealthy due to fraud or graft – getting money through questionable means.

22. Tammany Hall  Most famous NY Democratic political machine.  William M. “Boss” Tweed – leader during the 1860s & 1870s.  Arrested for corruption in 1874.

23. “Boss”

24. Thomas & James Pendergast  Party bosses in Kansas City, MO.  Led city & state politics from 1890s to 1930s.  Thomas  James

25. Political Machines  Although corrupt, machines did supply important services and help assimilate the expanding population of city dwellers.

26. End of Section 2 Next: Section 3 The Gilded Age