1. Vertebrates are animals with a backbone. Only 5-10% of animals are vertebrates on Earth, yet we are most familiar with them! Vertebrates have muscles, a digestive system, a respiratory system, a circulatory system and a nervous system. The characteristic that distinguishes vertebrates from other animals is the endoskeleton, or internal support system that grows along with the animal. Endoskeletons allow for more flexibility and ways of moving than exoskeletons do.

2. >5,000 species identified

3. Characteristics Hair during some point in life. Hair has many functions, such as regulating body temperature or performing a particular function. Ex: Porcupines – Self defense Teeth for consuming different kinds of food Produce Milk Endotherm (Warm-blooded) This means they maintain a constant body temperature. To do this they use some to the food they consume to generate body heat.

4. Reproduction Monotremes Mammals that lay eggs Ex: Duck-billed platypus Marsupials Develop in a pouch Ex: Kangaroo Placental Mammals A mammal that develops inside its mother's body until its body systems can function independently Ex: Humans Placental mammals give live birth Placenta protects embryo and transports nutrients, water, and oxygen

5. Special Adaptations Hair: Helps to maintain body temperature Water resistant Protection Blubber: Maintains body temperature Energy storage

6. EXAMPLES???

7. 10,000 species identified

9. Characteristics Feathers Beak Endotherm This means they maintain a constant body temperature. To do this they use some to the food they consume to generate body heat. 4 limbs ( a pair of scaly legs & a pair of wings) Eggs have hard shells

10. Adaptions to Reproduction Eggs – Laid in nests Eggs are sat on by parents Parents care for young

11. Special Adaptions Hollow bones - lightweight for flight Flight feathers - aid in flight Endoskeleton - bones are fused together Air Sacs & Lungs – allow birds to hold their breath as they fly

12. EXAMPLES Flightless birds Birds which lack the ability to fly, relying instead on their ability to run or swim. Ex: Penguin Water birds refer to birds that live on or around water Ex: Pelican Birds of Prey Birds that hunt for food primarily on the wing, using their keen senses, especially vision Ex: Eagle Song birds Birds that have distinctive songs Ex: Chickadee

13. 20,000 species identified

15. Characteristics Lives in water Have gills Remove oxygen from water and exchanges it for CO2 in fish’s blood Lateral Lines Sensory organ that allows fish to sense organisms near by Swim Bladder Allows fish to adjust how high or low it floats

16. Adaptions to Reproduction Eggs - Laid in water & left to hatch on their own

17. Special Adaptations and Examples Jawless Fish Tube-like shape Digestive system without the stomach Ex: Lamprey Cartilagenous Fish No bones, flexible tissue called cartilage Mouth on underside of body Ex: Sharks Bony Fish 96% of fish are bony Skeletons made of hard bone Ex: Goldfish

18. <6,500 species identified

20. Characteristics Two pairs of legs (4 limbs) Ectotherm Animals whose body temperature changes with environmental conditions Tough, dry skin covered by scales Have lungs Obtains oxygen through respiratory organ (lungs) Sensory organs adapted for land Lay eggs with shells on land

21. Adaptation for Reproduction Eggs - Laid on land. Parents dig or build a nest for the eggs Some guard eggs/ others leave Young look like little adults

22. Special Adaptations Skin – thick waterproof scales to protect them Eggs with shells - allows them to survive in hot, dry environments

23. EXAMPLES??? Turtles & Tortoises Lizards & Snakes Crocodiles & Alligators Tuatara Not a lizard, found in New Zealand, lived with the dinosaurs!!

24. ~5,500 species identified

25. Characteristics Two pairs of legs (4 limbs) Ectotherm Obtain CO 2 through smooth, moist skin Many have lungs Sensory organs adapted for land

26. Adaptations to Reproduction Eggs – Laid in water & hatch on their own. Life Cycle – 1. Egg 2. Larva 3. Tadpole 4. Frog

27. Special Adaptations and Examples Skin – respiratory organ that only functions when wet Frogs & Toads Salamanders, Newts & Mudpuppies Caecilians- worm-like amphibian

28. EXAMPLES???