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Disasters: some figures Natural disasters DecadesTotal 1951-19601961-19701971-19801981-19901991-20001951-2000 Number of Disaster 3677171162208129857312.

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Presentation on theme: "Disasters: some figures Natural disasters DecadesTotal 1951-19601961-19701971-19801981-19901991-20001951-2000 Number of Disaster 3677171162208129857312."— Presentation transcript:

1 Disasters: some figures Natural disasters DecadesTotal 1951-19601961-19701971-19801981-19901991-20001951-2000 Number of Disaster 3677171162208129857312 Persons affected 11,176, 496233,704,495767,985,5851,453,553,0342,129,297,6064,595,717,196 Persons killed 4,177,8842,088,9421,408,749829,441754,2069,259,222 Probability0.37480.00890.00180.00060.00040.0020 Source: CRED/OFDA database NATO/EAPC

2 Disasters: some figures Natural disasters (1991-2001) Source: CRED/OFDA database NATO/EAPC High winds Earthquakes FloodsVolcanoesFamineDroughts Total Disasters847244104260452772465 Affected (thousands) 276,63136,2491,483,232204138,236434,7852,234,961 Deaths (thousands) 208801020.92773671 Probability 0.00080.00220.00010.00040.00720.000010.0003

3 Disasters: some figures Technological disasters DecadesTotal 1951-19601961-19701971-19801981-19901991-20001951-2000 Number of Disaster 529428992221673524 Persons affected 410,35698,6291,906,0992,262,013727,6285,303,725 Persons killed 8401557790,10566,10587,648257,836 Probability0.02050.05650.04730.02920.12050.0486 Source: CRED/OFDA database NATO/EAPC

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7 Integrative model of adaptation to traumatic stress PERSONALITY Schema Assumptions Networks Conscious representations Ruminative processes of the event EVENT EVENT COGNITIONS APPRAISAL MECHANISMS EMOTIONAL STIMULI Non-conscious representations Automatic processes STATES of the event ENVIRONMENTAL & COPING SOCIAL CONTEXT Triggering cuesAvoidant strategies Social support Active strategies Joseph et al, 1997

8 Dual Representation Theory of Trauma Memory Verbally accessible Intrusive memories trauma memoriesof conscious experience Emotions related to trauma Selective recall Stimuli Meaning analysis Selective attention Contents of relevant consciousness to prior Priorities for trauma processing Selective attention Flashbacks Dream material Trauma specific emotion Situationally Selective recall accessible Physiological arousal trauma memories Motor output Brewin, Dalgleish & Joseph, 1996

9 Dual Representation Theory of Trauma Memory Verbally accessible Intrusive memories trauma memoriesof conscious experience Emotions related to trauma Selective recall Stimuli Meaning analysis Selective attention Contents of relevant consciousness to prior Priorities for trauma processing Selective attention Flashbacks Dream material Trauma specific emotion Situationally Selective recall accessible Physiological arousal trauma memories Motor output Brewin, Dalgleish & Joseph, 1996

10 Dual Representation Theory of Trauma Memory Verbally accessible Intrusive memories trauma memories (VAM)of conscious experience Emotions related to trauma Selective recall Stimuli Meaning analysis Selective attention Contents of relevant consciousness to prior Priorities for trauma processing Selective attention Flashbacks Dream material Trauma specific emotion Situationally Selective recall accessible Physiological arousal trauma memories Motor output Brewin, Dalgleish & Joseph, 1996

11 Dual Representation Theory of Trauma Memory Verbally accessible Intrusive memories trauma memories (VAM)of conscious experience Emotions related to trauma Selective recall Stimuli Meaning analysis Selective attention Contents of relevant consciousness to prior Priorities for trauma processing Selective attention Flashbacks Dream material Trauma specific emotion Situationally Selective recall accessible Physiological arousal trauma memories Motor output Brewin, Dalgleish & Joseph, 1996

12 Dual Representation Theory of Trauma Memory Verbally accessible Intrusive memories trauma memoriesof conscious experience Emotions related to trauma Selective recall Stimuli Meaning analysis Selective attention Contents of relevant consciousness to prior Priorities for trauma processing Selective attention Flashbacks Dream material Trauma specific emotion Situationally Selective recall accessible Physiological arousal trauma memories Motor output (SAM) Brewin, Dalgleish & Joseph, 1996

13 Dual Representation Theory of Trauma Memory Verbally accessible Intrusive memories trauma memoriesof conscious experience Emotions related to trauma Selective recall Stimuli Meaning analysis Selective attention Contents of relevant consciousness to prior Priorities for trauma processing Selective attention Flashbacks Dream material Trauma specific emotion Situationally Selective recall accessible Physiological arousal trauma memories Motor output (SAM) Brewin, Dalgleish & Joseph, 1996

14 Dual Representation Theory of Trauma Memory Verbally accessible Intrusive memories trauma memoriesof conscious experience Emotions related to trauma Selective recall Stimuli Meaning analysis Selective attention Contents of relevant consciousness to prior Priorities for trauma processing Selective attention Flashbacks Dream material Trauma specific emotion Situationally Selective recall accessible Physiological arousal trauma memories Motor output (SAM) Brewin, Dalgleish & Joseph, 1996

15 Arousal zones Hyperarousal zone sympathetic “fight or flight” response Window of tolerance social engagement response Optimal arousal zone (ventral vagal) Hypoarousal zone “immobilisation” response

16 Arousal zones Hyperarousal zone sympathetic “fight or flight” response Window of tolerance social engagement response Optimal arousal zone (ventral vagal) Hypoarousal zone “immobilisation” response (dorsal vagal)

17 Arousal zones Hyperarousal zone sympathetic “fight or flight” response Window of tolerance social engagement response Optimal arousal zone (ventral vagal) Hypoarousal zone “immobilisation” response (dorsal vagal)

18 Arousal zones Hyperarousal zone sympathetic “fight or flight” response Window of tolerance social engagement response Optimal arousal zone (ventral vagal) Hypoarousal zone “immobilisation” response

19 Arousal zones Hyperarousal zone sympathetic “fight or flight” response Window of tolerance social engagement response Optimal arousal zone (ventral vagal) Hypoarousal zone “immobilisation” response

20 The Triune Brain Reptilian brain body regulating, unconscious Old mammalian brain limbic system plus reptilian brain Neo-mammalian cortex, plus the limbic system, plus the reptilian brain Each layer elaborates the more primitive layer. e.g., the reptilian brain in humans is more flexible in humans because it has access to the limbic system

21 Limbic system visual auditory kinesthetic gustatory olfactory

22 Limbic system visual auditory kinesthetic gustatory olfactory

23 Limbic system visual auditory kinesthetic gustatory olfactory

24 Limbic system visual auditory kinesthetic gustatory olfactory

25 Limbic system visual auditory kinesthetic gustatory olfactory More elaborate processing of whole object slow

26 Limbic system visual auditory olfactory kinesthetic gustatory RHS

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