1. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Difficulties in Expert System Development u Scarce resources – new technology – demand for trained personnel u Development time – knowledge acquisition takes time u Errors

2. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Errors in Expert Systems u Human expert u Knowledge engineer u Knowledge base u Inference engine u User interface Incorrect or incomplete knowledge

3. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Errors in Expert Systems u Human expert u Knowledge engineer u Knowledge base u Inference engine u User interface Semantic errors in communication with the expert, knowledge gaps

4. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Errors in Expert Systems u Human expert u Knowledge engineer u Knowledge base u Inference engine u User interface Syntax errors in rules etc.

5. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Errors in Expert Systems u Human expert u Knowledge engineer u Knowledge base u Inference engine u User interface Bugs in the inference engine and/or development tool. Incorrect rule location in the knowledge base.

6. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Errors in Expert Systems u Human expert u Knowledge engineer u Knowledge base u Inference engine u User interface Incorrect in the content of the communication between the expert system and the user.

7. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems User Interfaces u User interface- hardware and software that facilitates communication and interaction between the user and the computers. u “User interface may be thought of as a surface through which data is passed back and forth between user and computer” [Turban 1995].

8. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Interface Styles u Command Language u Menu Interaction u Question and Answer u Form Interaction u Natural Language u Object Manipulation

9. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Interface Styles u Command Language u Menu Interaction u Question and Answer u Form Interaction u Natural Language u Object Manipulation The user enters commands such as “run” or “plot”. Some commands can be executed using function keys. Hard to remember. Fast for Experienced users The user enters commands such as “run” or “plot”. Some commands can be executed using function keys. Hard to remember. Fast for Experienced users

10. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Interface Styles u Command Language u Menu Interaction u Question and Answer u Form Interaction u Natural Language u Object Manipulation The user selects from a list of possible choices(menu). Menus can be structured in a hierarchical nature. Navigation can be slow. All options are visible. The user selects from a list of possible choices(menu). Menus can be structured in a hierarchical nature. Navigation can be slow. All options are visible.

11. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Interface Styles u Command Language u Menu Interaction u Question and Answer u Form Interaction u Natural Language u Object Manipulation The user is asked questions generated by the system. The answers are provided by sentences or menu input. Easy to implement Hard to handle mistakes. The user is asked questions generated by the system. The answers are provided by sentences or menu input. Easy to implement Hard to handle mistakes.

12. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Interface Styles u Command Language u Menu Interaction u Question and Answer u Form Interaction u Natural Language u Object Manipulation The user enters data into designated spaces (fields) in forms. Good for bulk data entry Limited Options The user enters data into designated spaces (fields) in forms. Good for bulk data entry Limited Options

13. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Interface Styles u Command Language u Menu Interaction u Question and Answer u Form Interaction u Natural Language u Object Manipulation The user enters commands via natural language either by keyboard or voice. Still a long way to go. Ease of use(?) Ambiguity The user enters commands via natural language either by keyboard or voice. Still a long way to go. Ease of use(?) Ambiguity

14. Knowledge Based Systems ExpertSystems Interface Styles u Command Language u Menu Interaction u Question and Answer u Form Interaction u Natural Language u Object Manipulation The user manipulates icons or symbols to input the necessary data. Easy to use Harder to Design Icons must be recognisable The user manipulates icons or symbols to input the necessary data. Easy to use Harder to Design Icons must be recognisable