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2. f 2 Definitions Proton Driver –Generic name for past ~15 years for new, higher intensity machines and schemes to replace present Linac and Booster Both linac and synchrotron options have been considered –Most recently, the name for an 8 GeV superconducting ILC-like H- linac that fell out of favor relative to ILC High Intensity Neutrino Source – HINS –A DOE approved and funded avenue to pursue advanced low energy linac technologies (ala Proton Driver front-end design) as well as e-cloud, H- injection, and other small scale R&D activities in the name of neutrino science Project X –A Fermilab proposal to simultaneously provide 2 MW of protons for neutrinos at 120 GeV and 200kW of protons for experiments at 8 GeV Includes 8 GeV linac with beam current and pulse length parameters aligned with those of the ILC Includes upgrades to RR, MI, and NUMI target system

3. f 3 Project X Layout Project X Overview - McGinnis 3 120 GeV fast extraction spill 1.5 x 10 14 protons/1.4 sec 2 MW New 8 GeV H - Linac 9mA x 1 msec x 5 Hz New 8 GeV extraction 1 second x 2.25 x 10 14 protons/1.4 sec 200 kW New Stripping Foil Recycler 3 linac pulses/fill Main Injector 1.4 sec cycle Single turn transfer @ 8 GeV 0.4-8 GeV ILC Style Linac 0.4 GeV Front End Linac

4. f 4 The Project X Plan It is anticipated that the Project X R&D Program will be undertaken as a “national project with international participation” –Fermilab does not have the personnel resources to undertake the Project X R&D Program, or a follow-on construction project, on its own –… the intention is to organize and execute the R&D Program via a multi-institutional collaboration, drawing significant participation from outside of Fermilab –The goal is to give collaborators complete and contained sub-projects, meaning they hold responsibility for design, engineering, estimating, and potentially construction if/when Project X proceeds A very readable and comprehensive overview of current Project X thinking is offered in Steve Holmes’ 1/31/08 talk to the P5 Committee http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/program_planning/P5/P5_Jan2008/Talks/Holmes_PX.pdf http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/program_planning/P5/P5_Jan2008/Talks/Holmes_PX.pdf A detailed 4-year Project X R&D plan has been developed and can be found at http://projectx.fnal.gov/RnDplan/index.html http://projectx.fnal.gov/RnDplan/index.html

5. f 5 Project X Time Line Goals 2008: Develop design and engineering concepts –Form Project X R&D Collaboration –Achieve CD-0 approval 2009: Initiate work on a Conceptual Design Report –Start R&D on technical components, in coordination with the ILC, SRF, and HINS programs –Continue accelerator physics and engineering design –Initiate project documentation 2010: Finish Conceptual Design Report –Achieve CD-1 approval –Continue R&D; initiate industrialization activities –Form collaboration to undertake project construction –Continue project documentation 2011: Develop preliminary design and Technical Design Report –Establish project baseline –Achieve CD2/3a approval –Initiate long lead (cryomodule) procurements 2012: Begin ~ 4 year construction project

6. f 6 HINS Motivation and Mission Motivation – –To demonstrate key technologies in RF power distribution and control, accelerating structures, and beam optics as applied to a high intensity, low-energy Linac that might serve as the front-end for a proposed 8 GeV H- Linac Mission, unchanged from ~2+ years ago – –To accomplish the R&D necessary to establish the technical credibility and a cost basis for a Linac front-end design based on these technologies

7. f 7 HINS R&D Objectives Demonstrate high power RF distribution and 4.5 msec pulse operation of multiple cavities from a single klystron Demonstrate performance of high power vector modulators for amplitude and phase control of multiple cavities Measure performance of high intensity, axially-symmetric beam with room-temperature crossbar spoke resonator cavities and SC solenoid focusing in the RT Linac Demonstrate beam acceleration at energies above 10 MeV using superconducting spoke resonator RF structures Demonstrate high-speed (nanosecond) beam chopping at 2.5 MeV Demonstrate performance of this Linac design concept and the resulting beam quality to 60 MeV This all adds up to building a first-of-a-kind superconducting 60 MeV H- linac

8. f 8 The Beams of the Linacs Proton Driver Phase 1 Design Proton Driver Phase 2 Design HINS capability Project X Design ParticleH- H+ then H-H- Nominal Bunch Frequency/Spacing 325 3.1 325 3.1 325 3.1 325 3.1 MHz nsec Particles per Pulse15.6 37.5 *5.6E13 Pulse Length313/11msec Average Pulse Current8.325~209mA Pulse Rep. Rate2.5102.5/105Hz Chopping - 6% @ 89KHz and 33% @ 53MHz 37.5% 0 - 37.5%37.5% Bunch Current13.339.83214.3mA Bunch Intensity2.5 41 7.6 122 6.1 98 2.7 ** 44 E8 pCoul * full un-chopped 3 msec pulse at klystron-limited 20 mA ** ILC bunch intensity is 2E10 (electrons) Proton Driver and Project X differences highlighted in pink

9. f 9 Project X Linac Beam Structure 1 msec Linac beam pulse 4 msec full scale Linac beam chopped for 700 nsec RR Abort Gap 40 µ sec full scale Linac 325 MHz beam chopped for RR RF 3-5 linac bunches per 53 MHz RR RF cycle 100 nsec full scale X 100 X 400 RR RF

10. f 10 HINS Transverse Beam Parameters at 15 mA 100% RMS 10 6 2 mm MEBT Room Temp LinacFirst SSR1 Cryomodule

11. f 11 HINS Longitudinal Beam Parameters at 15 mA Scale??RMS Bunch Length RMS Bunch Length through RT Linac section at 45 mA mm MEBT Room Temp LinacFirst SSR1 Cryomodule

12. f 12 RF Component Test Facility Ion Source and RFQ Area 150 ft. HINS Cavity Test Cave 60 MeV Linac Cave Klystron and Modulator Area Existing CC2 Cave ILC HTC Cave HINS Floor Plan in Meson Detector Building

13. f 13 HINS RT Section Layout RFQ dimensions are mm MEBT Start of first SSR1 Cryostat Ion Source Final 7 of 16 cavities/solenoids in Room Temperature Linac Section

14. f 14 HINS SSR Section Layout SSR1 Cryomodule #1 9 solenoids/9 cavities dimensions are mm SSR1 Cryomodule #2 SSR2 Cryomodule #1 6 solenoids/11 cavities SSR1 Cryomodule #2 HINS includes two SSR1 Cryomodules and one SSR2 Cryomodule

15. f 15 2.5 MeV Transport Line Concept dimensions are inches Aluminum coil beam absorber goes here RFQ is here

16. f 16 HINS Status 2.5 MW, 325 MHz HINS klystron is operational HINS RF Component Test Facility is operational Room temperature cavity conditioning is in progress –Four cavities on hand, remaining 12 on order Ion Source/RFQ Area is outfitted with utilities First SC spoke cavity was tested in ILS Vertical Test Stand in March Proton ion source now operational in MS6 will move to MDB in May RFQ delivery is expected in late June Goal is 2.5 MeV beam from RFQ this fall Superconducting solenoids are on order and cryostat procurement is beginning; completed assemblies will begin to appear late this summer Cryostat for full pulsed-power testing of individual SC cavities is being fabricated and will appear this fall

17. f 17 HINS Ion Source and Injector

18. f 18 HINS RT Cavity and Vector Modulator Operating in Cavity Test Cave 13 dB Amplitude Control with Vector Modulator for 6 kW 3.5 msec RF Pulse Red trace is cavity RF amplitude; blue and yellow are vector modulator bias currents HINS Room Temperature Cavity High-power Vector Modulator

19. f 19 HINS SC Spoke Cavity at VTS SSR1-01 Vertical Test March 12, 2008 Q vs. E Accelerating Gradient MV/m O Dressed Cavity Operating Goal @ 4K

20. f 20 RT Section Support Girders

21. f 21 HINS Beam Staging 2.5 MeV operation –Short diagnostic/transport line and dump following RFQ –Near final design of diagnostic line exists –Dump is assembled –RFQ delivery and RF conditioning is still critical path –Goal: 2.5 MeV beam in the fall of this year >2.5 MeV and <10 MeV operation ?? –Might operate MEBT plus first four? RT cavities with beam –Test RF distribution and RF high power vector modulator control –Not before early 2009; limited by enclosure construction, MEBT buncher cavity construction, LLRF development, and focusing solenoid production Full 10 MeV Room Temperature section operation –Late Summer 2009? Solenoid production, magnet power supply systems, and cryogenics system are critical path 20 MeV operation with first SSR1 cryomodule –Fall 2010? SSR1 cavities, cryomodule and solenoids are needed Full 60 MeV operation –Late 2011?

22. f 22 HINS Accelerator Controls The HINS Control system is currently EPICS –Historically chosen to be consistent with the perceived direction of ILCTA/NML controls two years ago Control system development is not an HINS objective HINS is not dogmatically wedded to an EPICS control system –The present EPICS system is operational but incomplete –A non-adiabatic switch to ACNET now would negatively impact HINS progress HINS can be a Controls test bed if developments are: –On the trajectory that the Controls Dept intends to follow –Not critical path to HINS schedule objectives –Accompanied with adequate operational support 10 Hz time-stamped data to correlate measurements of individual machine pulses is an important requirement of the HINS control system

23. f 23 HINS Accelerator Controls Present Hardware –AD Controls rep rate generator and Linac TCLK-like timing system –PLCs – equipment interlocks and some signal processing –HRMs –VME Cpu’s – Klystron protection system and modulator controls –SNS EPICS IOC Low Level RF system –AD Instrumentation Dept. VME digitizer boards –GPIB controlled RF frequency source New hardware anticipated –Power supplies with built-in ethernet communication capability ala Tev Electron Lens power supply/QPM system ACNET communication is via EE Support maintained DAE –AD VME LLRF systems Hardware Systems w/ Support Software Needed –Machine protection system –Beam Permit system –LLRF systems –Cryo controls

24. f Current Controls Work Needs For RFQ commissioning and 2.5 MeV operation –New Rep Rate Generator module - in progress –Machine Protection System- not started (2.5 MeV beam can destroy scanning wires!) –Stepping motor control hardware and software - in progress in EPICS –RFQ cavity resonant frequency control - TBD –RFQ and 2.5 MeV beam line user screens –Beam instrumentation data acquisition, analysis, and user interface software

25. f 25 Controls Work - Longer Term Decisions on a sensible control system direction –EPICS? ACNET? Or a sensible/operationally supportable COMBINATION? Time Frame and Plan … –User screens for 2.5 MeV operation 2-4 months these will be EPICS –Cavity resonance control system 2 months this will be state machine linked real-time 5-10 Hz PID loops in EPICS or as Linac local application with EPICS interface –Identify most useful ACNET/Controls X tools or features Establish realistic implementation schedule Plan for phasing in ACNET improvements to HINS control system

26. f 26 What’s Good About EPICS Graphics-based User Interface Graphical User Screen Hierarchy Easy-to-use screen builder, ala EDM Direct IOC-to-IOC communication for real-time local apps operating with system-wide data and reach Generic user-configurable PID continuous feedback loops (albeit with shortcomings relative to Linac local-app implementation)

27. f 27 What’s Missing in HINS EPICS Broad-based local support group A simple “sequencer” for RF turn-on with multiple cavities running off single klystron Generic fast time plot (or do I mean generic ~kHz MADC with stable support software) The good old familiar parameter page (when all else fails) Memorable, i.e. shorter?, device names –Despite the promised wonder of EPICS drag & drop features we have yet to get beyond regularly searching and typing long device names Many of the reliable and ‘taken-for-granted’ ACNET central services - save & restore, alarms, etc. –Features allegedly available in EPICS but not yet set-up –Conundrum – apply effort toward full-featured EPICS configuration or toward ACNET improvements? Many of these issues were noted during Controls X requirements discussions

28. f 28 The end