2. E.5.1 Label, on a diagram of the brain, the medulla oblongata, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and cerebral hemispheres. E.5.2 Outline the functions of each of the parts of the brain listed in E5.1. Complex thought, memory, problem solving Sleep/wake pattern Coordinates muscle movement & balance Controls unconscious processes (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure) Regulates pituitary secretions Homeostasis (master gland): hormonal control Carries nerve impulses through the spine

3. E.5.3 Explain how animal experiments, lesions, and fMRI scanning can be used in the identification of the brain part involved in specific functions.

4. The increased blood flow to the regions of the brain is detected and overlayed on the brain map. We can then see which parts of the brain are showing most activity with a specific task. In the example on the left, the visual cortex “lights up” when the subject follows a swirling pattern with their eyes.

5. E.5.3 Explain how animal experiments, lesions and FMRI scanning can be used in the identification of the brain part involved in specific functions. Lesions are areas of damage or tissue death. If lesions occur in the brain (due to illness or injury), functions will be impaired. When things go wrong or damaged, we notice obvious difference in behavior or function. By observing the difference from the norm, we can deduce the normal function of the damaged area.

6. E.5.3 Explain how animal experiments, lesions and FMRI scanning can be used in the identification of the brain part involved in specific functions. How do we know about the functions of the brain? Animal experimentation, though controversial, has led to many advances in science and medicine. Studies involved: - dissection of human brains and comparison with animal specimens - removal of sections of animal brains to observe impaired function - electrical stimulation of living primates and dog brain in order to observe movement and actions in the body

7. E.5.4 Explain sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart rate, movements of the iris and flow of blood to the gut.

11. E.5.5 Explain the pupil reflex.

12. E.5.6 Discuss the concept of brain death and the use of the pupil reflex in testing for this.

13. E.5.7 Outline how pain is perceived and how endorphins can act as painkillers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8y04SrkEZUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8y04SrkEZU Pain is in the brain

14. E.5.7 Outline how pain is perceived and how endorphins can act as painkillers.