2. All elements want to be like the nearest noble gas. Because everything in the universe prefers to be in a lowest possible energy state. Noble gases = very stable since they have eight valence electrons This is the reason for the Octet Rule! Atoms bond with each other to form chemical compounds.

3. a measurement of how much an atom can pull electrons away from other atoms Strength of the ionic/covalent bond = subtract electronegativity numbers for each of the elements in the compound. If difference is 0-0.3 = Nonpolar covalent If difference is 0.3 – 1.7 = Polar covalent 1.7 and above = Ionic

5. Electrons are exchanged Ions are formed Ions “stick together” magnetically to form compound Formed between metals and nonmetals Electronegativity difference >1.7 Cation + Anion = “salt” Forms crystals (ordered arrangements of ions) Conduct electricity when dissolved or melted High melting/boiling points Hard and brittle Rarely burn Formation is always exothermic

6. Electrons are shared No ions are formed Formed between two nonmetals Electronegativity difference is minimal Low melting and boiling points Typically soft and squishy Usually do not dissolve in water as well as ionic compounds Don’t conduct electricity Sometimes burn