1. MENGORGANISASI Struktur Organisasi (Organization Structure) Rangka kerja (Job Design) Methods of vertical coordination Jenis-jenis jabatan (Types of Departmentalization)

2. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE “Organization structure is the formal pattern of interactions and coordination designed by management to link the tasks of individuals and groups in achieving organizational goals” (Bartol & Martin 1998)

3. Organization structure consists: Assignment of tasks and responsibilities - jobs of individuals & units Positions of individual into units, units into departments, and larger units to form an organization’s hierarchy Number of individuals reporting to any given managerial position Across departments coordination - task forces and interdepartmental teams

4. JOB DESIGN Job design is the specification of task activities associated with a particular job. 4 major approaches: –Job simplification –Job rotation –Job enlargement –Job enrichment

5. Methods of vertical coordination: Vertical coordination is the linking of activities at the top of the organization with those at middle and lower levels in order to achieve organizational goals. To achieve effective vertical coordination, the following means should be considered: formalization, span of management, centralization vs decentralization, delegation, and line and staff position.

6. Span of management: The number of subordinates who report directly to a specific manager. Factors influencing wider span of management: –Low interaction requirements –high competence levels –work similarity –Physical proximity –fewer non-supervisory duties of manager –high motivational possibilities of work

7. Centralization vs Decentralization Centralization - the extent of power and authority are retained at the top organizational levels Decentralization - the extent to which power and authority are delegated to lower levels.

8. Delegation Delegation - the assignment of part of a manger’s work to others, along with both the responsibility and the authority necessary to achieve expected results.

9. Line and Staff Positions Line position - a position that has authority and responsibility for achieving the major goals of the organization Staff position - a position whose primary purpose is providing a specialized expertise and assistance to line positions.

10. Departmentalization Departmentalization is the clustering of individuals into units and of units into departments and larger units in order to facilitate achieving organizational goals. Commonly used patterns: –functional –divisional –hybrid –matrix