1. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 1 Measuring gender parity in education Technical issues

2. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 2 Good indicators should be: Policy relevant  providing clear and unambiguous responses to key policy issues User friendly  comprehensible, timely and few in number Derived from a framework n allowing the interpretation of one figure in the context of other basic variables Technically sound n valid, reliable, comparable Feasible to measure at reasonable cost n statistics required for deriving them, either readily available or easy to collect within a well defined time frame and cost

3. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 3 1

4. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 4 Measures of gender disparity Two measures of disparities are used in comparing education indicators: the gender gap: difference between male and female rates (M-F), expressed in percentage points è A negative gender gap indicates disparity in favour of girls the gender parity index (GPI): ratio between the female and the male rates (F/M), where: è GPI below 1 means disparity in favour of boys è GPI = 1 means parity (the male and female indicators are equal) è GPI above 1 means disparity in favour of girls or women

5. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 5 0.8613 0.80-0.89 Senegal76630.8313Solomon l. 106 910.8615 Cameroon99820.8317Lao PDR1201020.8518 Eritrea58480.8310 Burundi 56 460.8210 Togo1411070.7634Djibouti46320.7014Nepal1281000.7828 Côte Ivo.89660.7423 0.70-0.79 Liberia95700.7425 Mozambiq83600.7223 Mali 63 440.7019 Guinea-Bis98670.6831 Burkina F.50340.6816 C. A. R. 69 460.6723 0.60 0.69 Benin102660.6536 Niger38240.6314 Guinea72450.6327 Ethiopia79480.6131 < 0.60 Chad85490.5836Yemen10055 0.55 45Pakistan109620.5747 gap (M-F) gap (M-F) gap (M-F) Gender (Countries with GPI < 0.95) Primary education: Gender disparities in enrolment by region, 1998/99 GER gap Gender

6. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 6 xCore EFA Indicators 1:Total enrolment in early childhood development programmes, expressed as a percentage of the official age-group concerned, if any, otherwise the age-group 3 to 5. 2: Percentage of new entrants to primary grade 1 who have attended some form of organized early childhood development programme. 3:Apparent (gross) intake rate (GIR): new entrants in primary grade 1 as a percentage of the population of official entry age. 4:Net intake rate (NIR): new entrants to primary grade 1 who are of the official primary school entrance age as a percentage of the corresponding population. 5:Gross enrolment ratio (GER). Enrolment at a given level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official age group. 6:Net enrolment ratio (NER). Enrolment at a given level of education of pupils of the official school-age group expressed as a percentage of the population of that age group.

7. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 7 xCore EFA Indicators (Cont.d) y7a: Public expenditure on primary education as a percentage of GNP; y7b: Public expenditure on primary education per pupil as a percentage of GNP per capita y 8: Public expenditure on primary education as a percentage of total public expenditure y9: Percentage of primary school teachers having the required academic qualifications. y10: Percentage of primary school teachers who are certified to teach according to national standards. y11: Pupil-teacher ratio. y12: Percentage of repeaters by grade. y13: Survival rate to grade 5 (percentage of a pupil cohort actually reaching grade 5).

8. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 8 xCore EFA Indicators (Cont.d) x14:Coefficient of efficiency (optimum number of pupil years needed for a cohort to complete the primary cycle, assuming there is no repetition or drop out, expressed as a percentage of the actual number of pupil-years spent by the cohort). x15:Percentage of pupils having reached at least grade 4 of primary schooling who master a set of nationally defined basic learning competencies. x16:Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds. x17:Adult literacy rate: percentage of the population aged 15+ that is literate. x18:Literacy Gender Parity Index

9. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 9 76630.8313 998217 4810 4610 10734 23 25 600.223 19

10. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 10

11. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 11 Burkina Faso Gross Intake Rate, by sex and by region. 1999/00

12. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 12 Burkina F. Gross Intake Rate to primary education, by sex and by region. 1999/00

13. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 13 Egypt 2000 Educational attainment 15-19 Source: WB - DHS data

14. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 14 Egypt 2000 Educational attainment 15-19 Source: WB - DHS data

15. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 15 Egypt 2000 Educational attainment Source: WB - DHS data

16. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 16 Country X. Gross Intake Rate, by sex and by region.

17. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 17 Country X Intake Rate to primary education by sex and by region.

18. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 18

19. Feb 2003 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 19 Measuring gender parity in education Technical issues