1. The Growth of The New England Colonies

3. Puritanism Wanted to reform [purify] the Church of England Wanted to reform [purify] the Church of England Grew impatient with the slow progress of Protestant Reformation in England Grew impatient with the slow progress of Protestant Reformation in England

4. Separatists Puritans who believe that only visible saints should be admitted for church membership Puritans who believe that only visible saints should be admitted for church membership Because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects, separatists felt they had to share their church with the “damned” Because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects, separatists felt they had to share their church with the “damned” Therefore, they believed in a “total break” from the Church of England Therefore, they believed in a “total break” from the Church of England

5. Sources of Separatist Migration

6. Pilgrims Ultimately left the Netherlands because they didn’t think it was “pure” enough for them Ultimately left the Netherlands because they didn’t think it was “pure” enough for them Did not want to mix with the other religions Did not want to mix with the other religions 1620, a group of 100 people negotiated with the Virginia Company to settle in their jurisdiction 1620, a group of 100 people negotiated with the Virginia Company to settle in their jurisdiction

7. The Mayflower Arrived far off course from destination – Plymouth Bay outside the domain of the VA co. Arrived far off course from destination – Plymouth Bay outside the domain of the VA co. Squatters without legal right to land and authority to start government Squatters without legal right to land and authority to start government

8. The May Flower Compact November 11, 1620

9. Written and signed before the passengers disembarked from ship Written and signed before the passengers disembarked from ship Not a constitution, but an agreement to form to a crude government and submit to majority rule Not a constitution, but an agreement to form to a crude government and submit to majority rule Signed by 41 adult males Signed by 41 adult males Led to meeting in assemblies to make laws Led to meeting in assemblies to make laws John Carver elected governor John Carver elected governor

10. That First year… Winter of 1620-1621 extremely harsh (only 44 of the original 100 survived) Winter of 1620-1621 extremely harsh (only 44 of the original 100 survived) * weather * starvation * disease None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back

11. The First Thanksgiving Survival owed to Squanto and the Wampanaog Indians Survival owed to Squanto and the Wampanaog Indians Native Americans were weak in the New England area, epidemics had wiped out over ¾ pop Native Americans were weak in the New England area, epidemics had wiped out over ¾ pop Chief Massasoit signed treaty with settlers in 1621 Chief Massasoit signed treaty with settlers in 1621 Colony survived with fur (especially beaver), fish and lumber Colony survived with fur (especially beaver), fish and lumber Fall 1621 --- celebrated First Thanksgiving Fall 1621 --- celebrated First Thanksgiving

12. Plymouth colony William Bradford was chosen governor of Plymouth over 30 times William Bradford was chosen governor of Plymouth over 30 times Worried about non Puritan settlements springing up nearby and corrupting Puritan society ----- A Model of Christian Charity? Worried about non Puritan settlements springing up nearby and corrupting Puritan society ----- A Model of Christian Charity? Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant Merged with Massachusetts Bay colony Merged with Massachusetts Bay colony

13. The First Seal of the MA bay colony

14. Puritan Migration

15. The MA Bay Colony The Great Migration of the 1630’s The Great Migration of the 1630’s Turmoil in England Turmoil in England Charles I inherits 1625 – tries to bring back Catholicism Charles I inherits 1625 – tries to bring back Catholicism Conflicts with Parliament Conflicts with Parliament Two main reasons for exodus? Two main reasons for exodus? Avoid economic ruin Avoid economic ruin Avoid religious persecution Avoid religious persecution Royal Charter to form MA Bay Colony Royal Charter to form MA Bay Colony Could govern colony as wished but could not violate English law Could govern colony as wished but could not violate English law

16. The MA Bay colony 1630, approx. 1000 people established a colony with Boston as its hub 1630, approx. 1000 people established a colony with Boston as its hub These Puritans: Similar and different to Pilgrims These Puritans: Similar and different to Pilgrims Escape attacks by conservatives in Church Escape attacks by conservatives in Church Didn’t want to leave the church or cut all ties with England, only its impurities, different economic statuses Didn’t want to leave the church or cut all ties with England, only its impurities, different economic statuses John Winthrop – 1 st Governor John Winthrop – 1 st Governor Believed he had a calling from god to lead Believed he had a calling from god to lead “A City upon a Hill,” --- a model community “A City upon a Hill,” --- a model community

17. Back in Europe… While Massachusetts Bay colony was beginning, a Civil War erupted in England in 1642 While Massachusetts Bay colony was beginning, a Civil War erupted in England in 1642 PURITANS vs. ROYALISTS (Roundheads) (Cavaliers) Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector Puritans won, causing emigration to America to virtually cease during the years of 1653-1658. Puritans won, causing emigration to America to virtually cease during the years of 1653-1658.

18. The New England Way Winthrop’s colony was one guided by English law and the Bible Winthrop’s colony was one guided by English law and the Bible Expected to work together for the common good Expected to work together for the common good Voting rights granted to all freemen – those who were church members and property owners Voting rights granted to all freemen – those who were church members and property owners Freemen in each town then elected representatives to make laws for the colony – General court Freemen in each town then elected representatives to make laws for the colony – General court ½ the men could vote ½ the men could vote none of the women had right to vote none of the women had right to vote

19. The New England Way The symbol of this cooperation – Meetinghouse The symbol of this cooperation – Meetinghouse Used for both town meetings and church Used for both town meetings and church Puritans extremely religious – not tolerant Puritans extremely religious – not tolerant Belief in Predestination – god had already determined who would be saved, chosen ones Belief in Predestination – god had already determined who would be saved, chosen ones Basic unit of social life in colonial New England -------- THE TOWN Basic unit of social life in colonial New England -------- THE TOWN

20. The New England Way Depended on educated people who could understand the Bible Depended on educated people who could understand the Bible General Court’s Laws: General Court’s Laws: required parents to make sure that their children learned to read required parents to make sure that their children learned to read 1636, Harvard College, Yale (1701) – ministry training 1636, Harvard College, Yale (1701) – ministry training 1647, “the old deluder law 1647, “the old deluder law 50 or more people = private tutor for kids 50 or more people = private tutor for kids 100 or more people = mandatory school built 100 or more people = mandatory school built

21. Characteristics of Life in New England settlements Educated farmers, artisans Educated farmers, artisans Orderly families Orderly families Patriarchy extremely important Patriarchy extremely important Total obedience to fathers or husbands Total obedience to fathers or husbands Worked in fields during harvest Worked in fields during harvest Made family essentials like, soap, candles, yarn, clothes, butter, cheese Made family essentials like, soap, candles, yarn, clothes, butter, cheese

22. Characteristics…. Many large families Many large families Average 6 children Average 6 children Average marriage age, women (22), men (27) Average marriage age, women (22), men (27) No food problem like Jamestown No food problem like Jamestown Diseases couldn’t survive in cold climate Diseases couldn’t survive in cold climate Low mortality – Low mortality – average life expectancy was 70 years old average life expectancy was 70 years old In one town, 85% of all children lived to adult In one town, 85% of all children lived to adult

23. Commerce Very little need for indentured servants and slaves Very little need for indentured servants and slaves Large families, fathers, and sons provided the labor needed Large families, fathers, and sons provided the labor needed Cold winters and poor soil prevented farmers from raising a large surplus of crops to sell Cold winters and poor soil prevented farmers from raising a large surplus of crops to sell Business of New England: fishing and trade Business of New England: fishing and trade Distilled rum, built ships Distilled rum, built ships Sold fish, grain, lumber, meat, turpentine Sold fish, grain, lumber, meat, turpentine

24. Puritan Rebels

25. Connecticut Founded by minister, Thomas Hooker 1636 Founded by minister, Thomas Hooker 1636 Left Massachusetts bc of religious differences with Puritans Left Massachusetts bc of religious differences with Puritans Left for more farmland (towns too close) Left for more farmland (towns too close) 1639, Fundamental Orders of CT adopted (1 st written constitution in the colonies) 1639, Fundamental Orders of CT adopted (1 st written constitution in the colonies)

26. Rhode Island Founded by minister, Roger Williams, 1636 Founded by minister, Roger Williams, 1636 Banished from Massachusetts Bay colony bc he questioned Puritan ways Banished from Massachusetts Bay colony bc he questioned Puritan ways Strict separation of church and state Strict separation of church and state Land should be purchased from Indians (which he did from the Narraganset Indians in 1636) Land should be purchased from Indians (which he did from the Narraganset Indians in 1636) Obtained a royal charter in 1644 Obtained a royal charter in 1644 Religious freedom to all its inhabitants Religious freedom to all its inhabitants Seen as a “sewer” by the Puritans Seen as a “sewer” by the Puritans

27. Another challenger… Anne Hutchinson “ a woman of ready wit” Anne Hutchinson “ a woman of ready wit” Found refuge in Rhode Island after she was banished from Massachusetts Bay colony Found refuge in Rhode Island after she was banished from Massachusetts Bay colony Refused to follow the New England Way Refused to follow the New England Way Arrested in 1637, charged with weakening the authority of the church Arrested in 1637, charged with weakening the authority of the church Held religious meetings in her home Held religious meetings in her home Claimed she received her religious insights directly from god Claimed she received her religious insights directly from god Clergy feared rebellion and thus banished her in 1638 Clergy feared rebellion and thus banished her in 1638

28. New Hampshire Founded in 1638 by John Wheelright Founded in 1638 by John Wheelright Puritans in search of more land Puritans in search of more land Major City – Concord Major City – Concord Major Industries: Major Industries: fishing fishing shipbuilding shipbuilding

29. Fear and Paranoia Conflicts also existed within the MA bay colony. Conflicts also existed within the MA bay colony. The Salem Witch trials caused mass hysteria and deaths. {Unsolved History: The Salem Witch Trials} The Salem Witch trials caused mass hysteria and deaths. {Unsolved History: The Salem Witch Trials} Possible Causes: Possible Causes: New England’s environment of fear/accusations New England’s environment of fear/accusations Puritan beliefs and New England Folklore Puritan beliefs and New England Folklore Economic and Political tension divided the community Economic and Political tension divided the community Men’s fear of women gaining economic/social independence, which would threaten the power structure and social order Men’s fear of women gaining economic/social independence, which would threaten the power structure and social order