1. The Growth of The New England Colonies

2. Separatists
vs.
Puritans

3. Puritanism Wanted to reform [purify] the Church of England
Grew impatient with the slow progress of Protestant Reformation in England

4. Separatists
Puritans who believe that only visible saints should be admitted for church membership
Because the Church of England accepted all the king’s subjects, Separatists felt they had to share their church with the “damned”
Therefore, they believed in a “total break” from the Church of England and many moved to the Netherlands

5. Sources of Separatist Migration
Netherlands

6. Pilgrims vs. Puritans: What is the difference between the two groups of people?

7. Pilgrims
Ultimately left the Netherlands because they didn’t think it was “pure” enough for them
Did not want to mix with the other religions
1620, a group of 100 people negotiated with the Virginia Company to settle in their jurisdiction

8. The Mayflower
Arrived far off course from destination – Plymouth Bay outside the land owned by the VA Company
They are squatters -without legal right to land and authority to start government

9. The May Flower Compact November 11, 1620

10. The May Flower Compact November 11, 1620
Written and signed before the passengers disembarked (left) from ship
Not a Constitution, but an agreement to form to a crude government and submit to majority rule
Signed by 41 adult males
Led to meeting in assemblies to make laws
John Carver elected governor

11. That First year…
Winter of extremely harsh (only 44 of the original 100 survived)
* weather
* starvation
* disease
None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back
Why?

12. The First Thanksgiving
Survival owed to Squanto and the Wampanaog Indians
Native Americans were weak in the New England area, epidemics had wiped out over ¾ population
Colony survived with fur (especially beaver… not the Bieber!), fish and lumber
Fall celebrated First Thanksgiving

13. Plymouth Colony
William Bradford was chosen governor of Plymouth over 30 times
Worried about non Puritan settlements springing up nearby and corrupting Puritan society
Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant
Merged with Massachusetts Bay colony

14. The First Seal of the MA Bay Colony

15. Puritan Migration

16. The MA Bay Colony The Great Migration of the 1630’s Turmoil in England
Charles I inherits 1625 – tries to bring back Catholicism
Conflicts with Parliament
Two main reasons for exodus?
Avoid economic ruin
Avoid religious persecution
Royal Charter to form MA Bay Colony
Could govern colony as wished but could not violate English law

17. The MA Bay Colony
In 1630, approx people established a colony with Boston as its hub
John Winthrop – 1st Governor
Believed he had a calling from God to lead
“A City upon a Hill,” --- a model community

18. Back in Europe…
While Massachusetts Bay Colony was beginning, a Civil War erupted in England in 1642
PURITANS vs. ROYALISTS
(Roundheads) (Cavaliers)
Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector
Puritans won, causing emigration to America to virtually cease during the years of

19. The New England Way
Winthrop’s colony was one guided by English law and the Bible
Expected to work together for the common good
Voting rights granted to all freemen – those who were church members and property owners
Freemen in each town then elected representatives to make laws for the colony – General Court
½ the men could vote
none of the women had right to vote

20. The New England Way The symbol of this cooperation –Meetinghouse
Used for both town meetings and church
Puritans extremely religious – not tolerant
Belief in Predestination – God had already determined who would be saved, chosen ones
Basic unit of social life in colonial New England ---- THE TOWN

21. The New England Way
Depended on educated people who could understand the Bible
General Court’s Laws:
required parents to make sure that their children learned to read
1636, Harvard College, Yale (1701) – ministry training
1647, “the old deluder law” – requires schools to be built based on….
50 or more people = private tutor for kids
100 or more people = mandatory school built

22. Characteristics of Life in New England settlements
Educated farmers, artisans (i.e. – blacksmith, silversmith, cooper (barrell)
Orderly families
Patriarchy extremely important
Total obedience to fathers or husbands
Worked in fields during harvest
Made family essentials like soap, candles, yarn, clothes, butter, cheese

23. Characteristics…. Many large families No food problem like Jamestown
Average 6 children
Average marriage age, women (22), men (27)
No food problem like Jamestown
Diseases couldn’t survive in cold climate
Low mortality –
average life expectancy was 70 years old
In one town, 85% of all children lived to adult

24. Commerce Very little need for indentured servants and slaves
Large families, fathers, and sons provided the labor needed
Cold winters and poor soil prevented farmers from raising a large surplus of crops to sell
Business of New England: fishing and trade
Distilled rum, built ships
Sold fish, grain, lumber, meat, turpentine

25. Puritan Rebels
Roger Williams - RI
Thomas Hooker - CT

26. Connecticut Founded by minister, Thomas Hooker 1636
Left Massachusetts because of religious differences with Puritans
Left for more farmland (towns too close)
1639, Fundamental Orders of CT adopted (1st written constitution in the colonies)

27. Rhode Island Founded by minister, Roger Williams, 1636
Banished from Massachusetts Bay colony because he questioned Puritan ways
Strict separation of church and state
Land should be purchased from Indians (which he did from the Narraganset Indians in 1636)
Obtained a royal charter in 1644
Gave religious freedom to all its inhabitants
Rhode Island seen as a “sewer” by the Puritans

28. Another challenger… Anne Hutchinson “ a woman of ready wit”
Found refuge in Rhode Island after she was banished from Massachusetts Bay colony
Refused to follow the New England Way
Arrested in 1637, charged with weakening the authority of the church
Held religious meetings in her home
Claimed she received her religious insights directly from God
Clergy feared rebellion and thus banished her in 1638

29. New Hampshire Founded in 1638 by John Wheelright
Puritans in search of more land
Major City – Concord
Major Industries:
fishing
shipbuilding

30. Fear and Paranoia Conflicts also existed within the MA Bay Colony.
The Salem Witch trials caused mass hysteria and deaths. {Unsolved History: The Salem Witch Trials}
Possible Causes:
New England’s environment of fear/accusations
Puritan beliefs and New England Folklore
Economic and Political tension divided the community
Men’s fear of women gaining economic/social independence, which would threaten the power structure and social order