1. Roman Spatial Practices Republican period in Rome: 509-27 B.C.

3. Republican period: 509-27 B.C.Imperial period: 27 B.C. – A.D. 476 Emperor Augustus Two major periods of Roman history Citizen Aulus Mettelus

4. Etruscan temple Etruscan city gate Major Italic peoples and others on the Italian peninsula in the 6 th century B.C. Latins soon to be the Romans

5. I. Roman Spatial Dominion: shaping space to encourage consensus Roman republic: consensus building Greek democracy: individualism

6. The Roman Forum, Rome, Italy, 1 st cen. BC I.

7. I. The Forum in Rome (an unplanned city) The Roman Forum, Rome, Italy, 1 st cen. BC

8. I. A. Why was the Roman Forum located where it is? Roman Forum Capitoline Hill with the major Temple Palatine Hill

9. The Roman Forum, Rome, Italy, 1 st cen. BC (Republican era) I. B. Find the typical buildings on the republican Roman Forum in Rome Capitoline: Temple of Capitoline Jupiter Basilica JuliaBasilica AemiliaComitium and Senate house Temple of Castor and Pollux Temple of the Vestal Virgins

10. The Roman Forum in Rome I. B. Find the typical buildings on the republican Roman Forum in Rome Republic - 1 st cen. BCEmpire - 1 st cen. AD

11. I. B. Roman Forum in Rome (Republican with early Imperial additions)

12. Roman Forum in Rome (Republican) Forum in Pompeii (Republican) II. C. In spite of the fact that Rome was an unplanned city, what Roman planning principles are present in the space of the Roman Forum?

13. II. Roman Urbanism: Shaping space to foster consensus in a Roman planned city Timgad, Algeria, 1 st cen A.D. founded by emperor Trajan, pop. 10,000-15,000

14. II. Roman “Thaumgadi”

15. Florentia, Italy (republican period) II. Timgad, Algeria (imperial period)

16. II. A. How do the following characteristics demonstrate Roman interest in spatial hierarchy and controlled space? Roman Timgad, Algeria Greek Priene, Turkey (Hippodamian plan)

17. II. A. 1. City walls and orientation? Roman Timgad, AlgeriaGreek Priene, Turkey (Hippodamian plan) ✔ Roman: clear quadrangular periphery set off from the surrounding landscape (Shaping space to foster consensus)

18. I. A. 1. Timgad, Algeria ✔ Roman: monumental gates in the original city walls mark the ends of the major avenues

19. I. A. 2. Major axes (cardo and decumanus) Timgad, Algeria (Shaping space to foster consensus)

20. I. A. 2. Timgad, AlgeriaRoman Palmyra, Syria (Shaping space to foster consensus) ✔ core circuitry of cities ✔ the ordinary within monumentality

21. Timgad, AlergiaOlynthos, Greece I. A. 3. Location of the forum in the city plan and its spatial integrity/isolation within the city. agora forum

22. The Forum in Timgad, Algeria I. A. 1. ✔ Crystallization of spatial units within distinct borders (Shaping space to foster consensus)