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Eating Disorders Leah Shapira, M.A. lshapira@yorku.ca Leah Shapira, M.A. lshapira@yorku.ca
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“The voice goes on in my head. I call it the anorexic minx. It’s like a little person that gets inside my mind and takes control of my thoughts. The voice tricks me into believing that I am in control but I am not, it’s in control of me. Dictating what I can and can’t eat and how much exercise I should do. It never lets me rest. Being anorexic takes up all my time, it becomes a way of life... Everything is controlled... Life is filled with thoughts of this illness. Anorexia has become my way of life. It is what I know.” (Lucy, 1999)
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Anorexia Nervosa Refusal to maintain body weight above a minimally normal weight for one’s weight and height Intense fear of gaining weight Distortions in the perception of one’s body weight or shape Amenorrhea Restricting or Binge/purge type Refusal to maintain body weight above a minimally normal weight for one’s weight and height Intense fear of gaining weight Distortions in the perception of one’s body weight or shape Amenorrhea Restricting or Binge/purge type
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Prevalence 1% will develop anorexia at some point in their lives 90-95% diagnosed are FEMALE Highest mortality rates of all mental disorders (5 to 10%) –Medical complications Usually begins in adolescence 1% will develop anorexia at some point in their lives 90-95% diagnosed are FEMALE Highest mortality rates of all mental disorders (5 to 10%) –Medical complications Usually begins in adolescence
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Bulimia Nervosa Recurrent episodes of bingeing: –Eating in a discrete period of time an amount that is definitely larger than what most people would eat –Lack of control over eating during episode Use of compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain Usually normal weight Self-eval is influenced by body shape and weight Recurrent episodes of bingeing: –Eating in a discrete period of time an amount that is definitely larger than what most people would eat –Lack of control over eating during episode Use of compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain Usually normal weight Self-eval is influenced by body shape and weight
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A Biopsychosocial Model Biological –Tends to run in families –Hypothalamus disruption Serotonin Biological –Tends to run in families –Hypothalamus disruption Serotonin
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Social “Western” Societal pressures to be thin and attractive. –Internalization Upper-class Family dynamics Peer pressures “Occupational Hazards” “Western” Societal pressures to be thin and attractive. –Internalization Upper-class Family dynamics Peer pressures “Occupational Hazards”
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Promotion of the “Thin Ideal” Airbrushing in the Media
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Ideal Weight Our “Ideal” shape increases with age Current > attractive > ideal figure Women think “thinner” is better, but men think heavier…. Fallin & Rozin, 1985 Our “Ideal” shape increases with age Current > attractive > ideal figure Women think “thinner” is better, but men think heavier…. Fallin & Rozin, 1985
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Psychological Factors Cognitive factors –Dichotomous rigid thinking Personality Self-esteem Overvaluation of appearance Emotional Regulation Cognitive factors –Dichotomous rigid thinking Personality Self-esteem Overvaluation of appearance Emotional Regulation
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Celebrities and E.D. Princess Diana Paula Abdul Katherine McPhee Kelly Clarkson Jamie Lynn Sigler (Sopranos) Yeardley Smith –(Lisa from the Simpsons) Alanis Morisette (Perfect) Mary Kate Olsen Victoria Beckham (et al.) …and sadly, many more… Princess Diana Paula Abdul Katherine McPhee Kelly Clarkson Jamie Lynn Sigler (Sopranos) Yeardley Smith –(Lisa from the Simpsons) Alanis Morisette (Perfect) Mary Kate Olsen Victoria Beckham (et al.) …and sadly, many more…
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