1. Violence and Modernity: War 2. Social costs and scars of war (achievements?)

2. As we have already seen the costs, scars and consequences of war are inseparable from its other aspects. We have been looking, for example at its interaction with the modern state. War is at the core of modern citizenship and the developing ideologies – especially nationalism – are geared to uniting people to fight. War is a, arguably the, main raison d’etre of the modern state.

3. Impacts associated with war economic development Technological, medical and scientific development Cultural/psychological impact Political manipulation Social change (gender roles; weakens class) Engenders revolutions Destroys empires and economies

4. Impacts 1 Economic Development Victory can strengthen a country’s economic grip by defeating a rival – classic example is Britain vs France Seven Years’ War and beyond Imperialism and imperial state War makes state a leading investor and/or customer War (and space) spending has a ‘Keynesian’ effect on economy ‘Military-industrial complex,

5. Impacts 2 Technological, medical and scientific development

6. Impacts 3 Cultural/psychological impact Enormous impact of war on culture high and low Goya and war painting from Napoleonic period From figurative to abstract art – music Tchaikovsky to Stravinsky – Painting - Kandinsky

7. Goya – Executions of the Third of May 1808

8. Goya Il Colosso

9. Goya from The Disasters of War

10. Salvador Dali Soft Construction

11. Robert Capa Death of a Loyalist Soldier 1936

12. Impacts 3 Cultural/psychological impact Enormous impact of war on culture high and low Goya and war painting from Napoleonic period From figurative to abstract art – music Tchaikovsky to Stravinsky – Painting - Kandinsky

13. Kandinsky 1908

14. Kandinsky 1912

16. Kandinsky 1919

17. Kandinsky 1923

18. War Movies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gz3Cc7wlf kI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gz3Cc7wlf kI

19. Political Manipulation Chauvinistic military campaigns to influence elections (Falklands factor) French imperialism in N.Africa Bismarck

20. Social change gender roles; in mass warfare women move into ‘male’ civilian roles at work (what happens when the surviving men come back?) weakens class – ‘all in it together’

21. Rosie the Riveter (US WWII)

22. Ministry of Labour/ RoSPA UK 1943

24. British Women Workers WW2

25. Engenders Revolutions Russian Revolution Chinese Revolution – People’s Liberation Army, Long March, Yunan Period

27. Destroys Empires

29. Final Thought Wars rarely solve problems – They transform one set of problems into a new, and often unpredictable, new set of problems. 1 st WW ---- 2 nd WW 2 nd WW ---- Cold War ‘War on Terror’ ---- War on Radical Islam