1. BY J.A.SACCO Ratification of the Constitution

2. Federalists/Anti-Federalists Federalists Federalists Anti-Federalists

3. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists: Federalists: Wealthy, often powerful/ propertied class Wealthy, often powerful/ propertied class Lived in settled areas, on coast- more regulation of trade Lived in settled areas, on coast- more regulation of trade Educated Educated Controlled the press Controlled the press Felt a strong central government would best serve the nation without sacrificing the interests of the states. Felt a strong central government would best serve the nation without sacrificing the interests of the states.

4. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Anti-Federalists: Anti-Federalists: Included many revolutionaries Included many revolutionaries Mainly people devoted to states rights, lived in backcountry, small farmers/debtors Mainly people devoted to states rights, lived in backcountry, small farmers/debtors Believed Constitution was plot by upper class to get even more power from common folk. Believed Constitution was plot by upper class to get even more power from common folk. Criticized Constitution for taking away freedom of states and individuals. Criticized Constitution for taking away freedom of states and individuals.

6. Ratification “The Roll Call” DE, PA,NJ,GA, CT quickly ratify DE, PA,NJ,GA, CT quickly ratify Mass. led by Sam Adams only ratify after Bill of Rights promised and amendment added for reserve powers of states Mass. led by Sam Adams only ratify after Bill of Rights promised and amendment added for reserve powers of states By end of June 1788- MD,SC,NH ratified By end of June 1788- MD,SC,NH ratified VA ratify after Bill of Rights promised VA ratify after Bill of Rights promised NY ratify after realized it surrounded by states that already ratified the Constitution NY ratify after realized it surrounded by states that already ratified the Constitution By this time first Congress to meet on March 4 th,1789 By this time first Congress to meet on March 4 th,1789 NC ratify by Nov. 1789 NC ratify by Nov. 1789 Which state is left to ratify? Which state is left to ratify?

7. “Little Rhode Island All Alone” Why was Rhode Island the last to ratify the Constitution? Why was Rhode Island the last to ratify the Constitution? Why was it important for all states to ratify it? Why was it important for all states to ratify it? RI ratify in May 1790. RI ratify in May 1790.

8. Why were the Federalists Successful in Ratification?  Feds better organized/more skilled politicians  Offered a positive future with new Constitution/Anti- feds. had no alternative.  Feds better represented in electing bodies/poor could not vote against ratification  Washington and Franklin gave the new government credibility  A Bill of Rights would eventually be added to protect the rights of all/avoid the central government from crushing liberties

9. “The Federalist Papers” Federalist Papers plays key role Federalist Papers plays key role Anonymously written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay Anonymously written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay Propaganda in favor of Constitution, major cause of ratification Propaganda in favor of Constitution, major cause of ratification

10. Principles of U.S. Government Federalism Federalism Powers shared between fed/state governments- Delegated, Reserved and Concurrent powers Powers shared between fed/state governments- Delegated, Reserved and Concurrent powers

11. Republicanism Survived! Separation of Powers– three branches of government but all were meant to represent the people. Separation of Powers– three branches of government but all were meant to represent the people. Checks and Balances - created to prevent the abuse of power from any one branch, creates a balance between liberty and order. Checks and Balances - created to prevent the abuse of power from any one branch, creates a balance between liberty and order. Limited defined powers in a written constitution Limited defined powers in a written constitution Individual rights are ensured in a Bill of Rights Individual rights are ensured in a Bill of Rights

12. Principles of the U.S. Constitution Federal law superior to state law Federal law superior to state law Constitution is the supreme law of the land Constitution is the supreme law of the land Constitution a living document- can change with the times Constitution a living document- can change with the times Under Articles power in the hands of states, under Constitution power in hands of the people (popular sovereignty) Under Articles power in the hands of states, under Constitution power in hands of the people (popular sovereignty)