2. To Electrical Engineering Department 12 th Batch

3.  Subject:- Computer Applications & E-Learning  Topic:- Internet & Web  Lecturer:- Engineer Ehsanullah Memon Electrical Engineering Department Group Members  Gul Nawaz Khan 12K-EL 17  Ammar Mustafa 12K-EL 07  Ghulam Hassnain 12K-EL 26

4. OUTLINES:- Internet History World Wide Web Browsers & Html Tags URLs & E-mails Search Engines

5.  The internet as we know it today is actually a very large Wide area network (WAN) connecting computers and networks around the world.  It makes it possible for millions of computers users to connect to another via telephone lines, cable lines or by satellites.  These connections allow the user to share data and to access limitless stores of information.  Internet was born in late 1960’s when in 1969 Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of U.S army defense department joined the mainframe computers together to form a communication network in some universities and defense contractors.  The resulting network was called (ARPANET). The Internet’s History:-

6. Map Demonstrating The Earlier (ARPANET):-

7.  To create a communication system that could survive a nuclear attack or nuclear disaster like earthquake. If one part of network was destroyed the other was remain intact to flow the data continuously.  Allow people in remote locations to share computing resources.  Remote locations mean it is a long way away from a major city, probably in a rural area.  It grew up rapidly across the Atlantic to Europe in 1973 another federal agency, the National Science Foundation (NSF) joined defense department when U.S army stop funding the funding it.  NSF expected supercomputers user for use but ARPANET couldn’t handled the load in response NSF create a new high- capacity network called NSFnet The Agency’s Main Objectives:-

8.  The internet acts as a carrier for several different services. The most commonly used internet services are defined as 1. The World Wide Web (WWW) 2. Electronic mail (E-mail) 3. News 4. File Transfer Protocol 5. Chat 6. Instant messaging 7. Peer-to-peer Services  To use these services you need a computer connected to internet.  Can connect to internet through telephone, or by high speed connection such as DSL. The Internet Major Services:-

9.  Also knows as WWW most people thing web and internet are same thing which isn’t correct they are two different things web is a service (system for accessing) that is supported by the internet ( a gigantic network).  Web was invented in 1989 in Geneva, A Switzerland.  The purpose to create web was to access any document which is stored on a network without searching all the files and index manually.  To do this, they established a link document that were stored in different locations in a single computer.  If you imagine billions of documents stored in different locations creating a “Web” of information to cover the entire globe. This concept is where the web gets it’s name. World Wide Web :-

10. Concept of Web:-

11.  Web documents can be linked together because they are created in a format called Hypertext, which can easy way to manage the large collection of data which contains documents, music,songs, videos etc.  In hypertext system you can access all the data that might be linked to it, Hypertext document is also known as web page.  Web uses a special protocol, called hypertext transfer protocol or HTTP to support hypertext documents.  Hypertext document is a specially encoded file HTML or hypertext markup language which allows it to embed the hyperlinks or simply called links.  Hypertext and HTTP are the base of world wide web. How The Web Works:-

12.  For example http://www.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm. http://www.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm  protocol is ("http")  server name is ("www.howstuffworks.com")  file name is ("web-server.htm")  The browser communicates with server to translate the server name "www.howstuffworks.com" into an IP Address,  Following the HTTP protocol, the browser sent a GET request to the server, asking for the file "http://www.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm.  The server then sent the HTML text for the Web page to the browser.

13. How The Web Works Figure :-

14.  It is a software application designed to find hypertext documents on the web and then open those documents on the user’s computer.  A browser provides a graphical user interference by which we can jumped to another document by clicking any image and hypertext document. URLs:-  HTTP protocol uses internet address in a special format called uniform resource locator or URL like type://address/path etc.  The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward slashes. Web Browsers & HTML Tags:-

15.  In a URL there is type, specifies the type of server in which file is stored.  Address, the address of the server  Path, the location within the file structure of the server, path includes the list f folders where the desired web page is located.

16. URL Figure:-

17.  Web enables the user to view specially formatted documents called web page, which can contain graphics, video, audio, photos etc.  The collection of related web pages is called a web site to access web you do need a web browser currently many browsers are available like Microsoft internet explorer, Firefox, opera chrome etc. Navigating The Web:-  Means to move from one web site to another or from one web page to other.  URL is the key for navigation you provide a URL to browser it finds the page and then transfer it to your pc Using The Web Browser:-

18. Web Browser:-

19. How To Open The Web Browser:-

20. Main Functions Of Web Browser:-

21.  It is not always easy to find what you want on web. That is because there are millions of unique web site which includes billions of unique pages  This explains the basics of searching tools, there are two fundamental web-based searching tools 1. Directories 2. Search Engines  Directories:-  It enables you to search for information by selecting categories or sub-categories after selecting it shows you the result related to that subject Search Engine:-

22.  Search Engines:-  It let you search for information by typing one or more words. The engine than displays the list of web pages that contain information related to your work  The type of look-up is called a keyword  The most popular search engine which is used now a day is GOOGLE  Both type of search tools are commonly called search engines  Other than Google there many other search engines like yahoo, galaxy, AltaVista, alexa, torrentz etc.

23. Directories:-

24. Using Search Engine:-

25. Basic Functions Of A Search Engine:-

26.  World Wide Web belies the internet’s original purpose to serve as a means of communication.  One of the most popular way for communication is e-mail or electronic mail which is now a days more common than a telephone or any post-mail.  E-mail enables people to exchange messages, services such as chat and instant messaging.  It allows access to user to send and respond to messages in real time.  An email message consists of three components, the message envelope, the message header, and the message body. Communicating Through The Internet:-

27.  The only internet service which is more frequently used is s e- mail.  Quickly become a popular feature because it lets user exchange messages from anywhere in the world.  Also it’s less expensive than using a telephone because there is no charge for it. It is also a faster way of communication than postal because e-mail typically reach their destination in seconds rather than days.  Most common way to create an e-mail is by using a e-mail program also called e-mail client through internet connection.  Popular e-mail clients are Microsoft outlook express, Netscape, messenger, and others. Using E-mail:-

28.  You can set up an e-mail account by creating a unique user name for yourself, which identifies your postal mailbox on internet.  For example if your name is john smith you might create your e- mail address as j_smith or john_smith or other then further we add the computer host name which is separated by symbol “@” (At) that is john_smith@yahoo.com.john_smith@yahoo.com E-mail Address:-

29.  To create a new message in outlook express follow these steps:- 1. Launch the program by choosing start menu  All programs  outlook express. 2. When the program windows appear, click the create message a new windows will appear, where you can compose the message. 3. Click in “To:” box for recipient's e-mail address, you can specify more than one e-mail address. 4. Click the “Subject:” box for message’s subject. 5. Click the in the big text box at the bottom of the window to type your message. 6. When the message is ready, click the send button to deliver the message. Creating A New E-mail:-

30. Demonstration For Creating Message (E-mail):-