1. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 1 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission NASA Project Scientist: Dr. Scott Braun Dr. Scott Braun Hurricane Rina (October 26, 2011) TRMM Status and Achievements NASA Program Scientist: Dr. Ramesh Kakar Dr. Ramesh Kakar Joint NASA/JAXA mission launched in Nov. 1997 Instrument Payload: TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) 10, 19, 37, 86 GHz, conical scanning Precipitation Radar (PR) [Japan] 14 GHz, cross-track scanning Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) Staring optical array [MSFC] Visible IR Scanner (VIRS) 5-channel, cross-track scanning Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES)

2. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 2 Focus Areas Science Accomplishments Applications Status TRMM Science Accomplishments Key focus areas:

3. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 3 TRMM Rainfall: Climatology From Adler et al. (2009) From Dai (2006) Benchmark ~16 year climatology Unique monitoring of interannual rainfall variations related to ENSO TRMM estimates have become the standard for improving long- term climatologies and for comparison to global climate models

4. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 4 TRMM Rainfall: Diurnal Cycle Low inclination (35°), precessing orbit allows sampling of all local hours over several weeks Quantification of diurnal cycle of precipitation tropics wide Has also allowed focus on regional and local scales Comparison with global climate models From Nesbitt and Zipser (2003)

5. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 5 5 Convective Extremes—Overshooting Storms University of Utah TRMM Precipitation Feature database used to identify tropical deep convection with overshooting tops Only 1.3% of convective systems reach 14 km height These overshooting storms are most prevalent over land, especially over central Africa, Indonesia, and South America. Deep overshooting convective towers impact the water vapor mass exchange between the troposphere and stratosphere Liu and Zipser (2005) Number density (%) of PR tops exceeding 14 km

6. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 6 6 Houston downwind rainfall maximum (Shepherd) 1 2 3 Lack of PR-detected rain in polluted clouds (Rosenfeld) Increase in Summer Rain over SE U.S. during week (red curve)--Increase offshore on weekend (blue curve)--(Bell) Impact of humans on Rainfall Impact of Cities on RainfallEffects of Pollution on Rainfall Over Ocean Pollution Impact on Rainfall Over Land

7. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 7 Rainfall climatology for hurricanes Detailed rainfall structure and lightning in eye wall and rainbands The role of “hot towers” in storm intensification Rainfall accumulations and monitoring of flood/landslide potential Improved simulations of hurricanes TRMM Advances For Hurricane Science

8. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 8 8 TRMM data used by NOAA, DoD, and int’l agencies for tropical cyclone detection, location and intensity estimation ~500 TRMM tropical cyclone “fixes” per year TRMM orbit always in tropics, sampling best in 10-35º latitude storm band High horizontal resolution Precessing orbit provides off-time observations relative to sun-synchronous satellites TRMM image from NRL Tropical Cyclone web site Hurricane Katrina TRMM radar (PR) cross- sections of hurricanes available in real-time for operational analysis from TRMM web site from TRMM web site Hurricane Katrina-2005 Tropical Cyclones: Applications

9. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 9 9 years+ (‘98-’07)of 3-hr analysis available--produced at TRMM data system. Available from Goddard DISC (most downloaded TRMM product) 3-hr window with passive microwave (gaps filled with Geo-IR) calibrated by TRMM Research product uses TRMM radar information and monthly gauges--real- time product avail. ~6 hrs. after obs. time (0.25° grid) TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis

10. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 10 Applications Monitoring of Disasters – Tropical cyclones – Floods/Landslides – Disease – Drought – Fires/fire risk Hydrological applications – Water resources – Streamflow/floods – Soil moisture – Agriculture

11. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 11 TRMM Detects Heavy Rainfall in Dominican Republic from Tropical Storm Noel Images by Hal Pierce, NASA/GSFC TRMM Multi-satellite precipitation analysis measures >400 mm of rain over D. R. and Haiti from Noel 81 deaths, several hundred thousand displaced “Your images have bee incredible-- they are stunning and extremely useful. It was even presented to the minister of environment an head of disasters in the DR. Deeply appreciated. Please know we are crediting you everywhere.” – Daniel Irwin, MSFC, SERVIR Project Manager TRMM Estimates of Storm-Total Rainfall

12. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 12 Global Real-time Flood Calculations Using Satellite Rainfall and Hydrological Model Global Flood Monitoring System (GFMS) http://flood.umd.edu/ TRMM calibrating rainfall from other satellites as forerunner to GPM TRMM/GPM rainfall into land surface and routing models for water depth and stream flow calculations compared to flood thresholds Indus River basin Aug. 20 2013 Global Flood Detection Time Histories at a Point Experimental Inundation Mapping at 1 km Resolution Adler/Wu University of Maryland

13. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 13 TRMM Remaining Fuel PVT Method Mass flow Method Calibration method EarlyNominalLate PVT2/20143/20148/2014 Mass Flow11/20151/201611/2016

14. G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R 14 0 km Launch Prime Mission (350km) Extended Mission (402.5 km) 11/199701/199808/2001 TRMM Notional Timeline April 2013 Predictions - Revised 402.5km 350km 335km September 14, 2012 Passivation 04/2013 03/1402/18 05/19 En d of Op s End of Fuel = 03/2014 08/1407/18 10/19 End of Ops End of Fuel = 08/2014 02/1404/19 End of Fuel = 02/2014 End of Ops 01/18 Predicted (low solar case) Predicted (nominal case) Predicted (high solar case)