2. TOPIC OUTLINE K-12EL-09 K-12EL-57 DAMPING TORQUE Air Friction Damping
Fluid Friction Damping
Eddy Current Damping
Electromagnetic Damping
Super vision By:
Sir Sajid Hussain Qazi
K-12EL-09
K-12EL-57

3. DAMPING FORCE The damping force ensures
that the pointer comes to rest in its final position
quickly and without undue oscillation.

4. DAMPING TORQUE
The moving system of the instrument will tend to move under the action of the deflecting torque.
But the control torque, it will try to occupy a position of rest when the two torques are equal and opposite.
Due to inertia of the moving system, the pointer will not come to rest immediately but oscillate about its final deflected position and takes appreciable time to come to steady state.
To overcome this difficulty a damping torque is to be developed by using a damping device attached to the moving system.

5. DAMPING TORQUE
The damping torque is proportional to the speed of rotation of the moving system, that is
Depending upon the degree of damping introduced in the moving system, the instrument may have any one of the following conditions as depicted in above graph

6. DAMPING CONDITIONS: Under damped condition:
If the Degree of the damping is low then pointer
makes oscillation before settling at equilibrium
position.
Over damped condition:
If the degree of the damping is too high then the
pointer takes longer time to reach equilibrium
position without making oscillations.
Critically damped condition:
If the degree of the damping is just sufficient to
enable the pointer to rise quickly to equilibrium
point without overshoot.

7. The damping torque is produced by the following methods:
1.Air Friction Damping
2.Fluid Friction Damping
3.Eddy Current Damping
4.Electromagnetic Damping

8. 1.Air Friction Damping
. Air Friction damping.  In modern form of air friction damping, an aluminum vane is enclosed in the quadrant shaped recess cast in Bakelite molding or dia casting and air brake chamber is completed by a cover plate.

10. 2.Fluid Friction Damping
Similar in action to air friction damping.
Fluid with high viscosity is filled in the
chamber instead of air.
Main drawback of this type of damping are
Creeping of oil, need to keep the meter
vertical, unsuitability in portable type
Meter.
Though in this method of damping no care is required as in air friction damping but it is not used due to several disadvantages, such as creeping of oil, the necessity of using the instruments always in vertical position.

11. 3.Eddy Current Damping A thin disc of conducting but non-magnetic
material like copper and aluminium
mounted on the moving system spindle.
The disc is placed in such a way when
ever it rotates it cut the magnetic flux.
Due to this eddy emf is induced in the disc
which tries to oppose the movement of the
disc. So the eddy current tries to retard the
disc.

13. 4.Electromagnetic Damping
A thin disc or vane of conducting but non-magnetic material like copper or aluminum is mounted on the spindle carrying the moving system and the pointer.
The disc or vane is positioned so that is edges rotate between the poles of a permanent magnet.
Damping torque decreases with the movement of the magnet towards the edge of the disc and becomes zero.
In the induction type instruments by placing a damping magnet (permanent type) at the opposite side of the disc from the electro-magnet, so that the disc serves for damping as well as for operation purposes

14. Refrence: B.L Thereja & Internet source