1. An Environmentalist’s Perspective: The Need for Holistic Approaches in Creating Responsible Fisheries for the Future

2. Why Ask an Environmentalist? The historical paradigm labeled environmentalists as extremists diametrically opposed to development Today, we are all environmentalists The following perspective thus represents the moderate view, emphasizing the positive roles that environmentalists can play in the global fisheries debate

3. Roles of Environmental NGOs Purveyors of information Translators of science or management Liaisons or honest brokers Advocates for reform Auditors Adversaries / litigants

4. An Increasingly Important, Non-adversarial Role: Catalyzing effective action Creating demonstration models Leading by doing Communicating commonalities and focusing on the positive

5. Roles of Environmental NGOs Purveyors of information Translators of science or management Liaisons or honest brokers Advocates for reform Auditors Adversaries / litigants Doers!

6. Roles of Environmental NGOs Purveyors of information Translators of science or management Liaisons or honest brokers Advocates for reform Auditors Adversaries / litigants Doers

7. Purveyors of Information Appropriate levels of resource use = “how much is sustainable?” Least invasive means of harvest = “what methods are sustainable?” Most appropriate target stocks = “which stocks can be sustainably harvested?”

8. Roles of Environmental NGOs Purveyors of information Translators of science or management Liaisons or honest brokers Advocates for reform Auditors Adversaries / litigants Doers

9. Advocates for Reform Using the precautionary principle Shifting the burden of proof Removing disincentives to conservation Utilizing tools that complement traditional fisheries management, including MPAs

10. How Can We Achieve Serious Reform? Adopt a holistic attitude!

11. An Holistic Attitude Recognizes Interconnections Target resources Harvest ECOSYSTEMSPRODUCTION Humans NATURAL WORLD

12. How Environmentalists Utilize Holistic Approaches Demand assessments of ecological costs, production costs, and social costs of fisheries (especially in new fisheries or major expansions) Communicate results to decision-makers and public Create demonstration models where such costs are minimized

13. Roles of Environmental NGOs Purveyors of information Translators of science or management Liaisons or honest brokers Advocates for reform Auditors Adversaries / litigants Doers

14. Creating MPAs As Demonstration Models MPAs couple development and conservation objectives MPAs promote sustainable use MPAs can be designed with interconnections in mind MPAs benefit fishers, the fishing industry and local and national economies MPAs can serve to demonstrate responsible fisheries of the future

15. Thank You