4. Early German Victories and Failures Decisive victories in Poland, Denmark, and Norway Decisive victories in Poland, Denmark, and Norway Victories over Netherlands, Belgium, and France and establishment of Vichy government Victories over Netherlands, Belgium, and France and establishment of Vichy government U.S. isolationism and neutrality U.S. isolationism and neutrality The Battle of Britain The Battle of Britain Invasion of the Soviet Union Invasion of the Soviet Union

7. Discussion Why do you think the rescue at Dunkirk strengthened the British determination to fight Germany? Why do you think the rescue at Dunkirk strengthened the British determination to fight Germany? The British wanted to avenge their loss. They also might mention that the heroic efforts to save their soldiers increased British pride and may have encouraged the British to continue the fight.

8. Discussion hy did the United States follow a policy of isolationism in the early days of World War II? hy did the United States follow a policy of isolationism in the early days of World War II? due to a tradition of isolationism; because it did not want to become involved in another conflict like World War I

9. Background The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 gave the U.S. president authority to send military goods—such as ammunition, tanks, and airplanes—to any nation whose defense was believed vital to the United States. It also gave the president wide discretion in deciding what to ask for in return for such aid, thus overriding the "cash-and-carry" law that had required nations to pay for American military goods with cash. The Lend-Lease Act was passed primarily to help Great Britain, but aid was soon extended to the Soviet Union and other countries. By the end of the war, some $49 billion in military aid had been sent to more than 40 nations. The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 gave the U.S. president authority to send military goods—such as ammunition, tanks, and airplanes—to any nation whose defense was believed vital to the United States. It also gave the president wide discretion in deciding what to ask for in return for such aid, thus overriding the "cash-and-carry" law that had required nations to pay for American military goods with cash. The Lend-Lease Act was passed primarily to help Great Britain, but aid was soon extended to the Soviet Union and other countries. By the end of the war, some $49 billion in military aid had been sent to more than 40 nations.

10. Discussion Why did Hitler decide to bomb British cities rather than military targets? Why did Hitler decide to bomb British cities rather than military targets? In retaliation for an attack on Berlin; to break British morale

11. Discussion Why is the morale of citizens important during wartime? Why is the morale of citizens important during wartime? If morale is high, citizens might be more supportive of the war effort. If morale is low, citizens might want to stop fighting and end the war.

12. Discussion Was Hitler's change in strategy successful? Was Hitler's change in strategy successful? No. Britain used the opportunity to rebuild its air strength and continue the fight against Germany.

14. Discussion Why was control of the skies key to the Battle of Britain? Why was control of the skies key to the Battle of Britain? If the Germans tried to invade Britain without control of the air, their troops and ships would be vulnerable to attacks by British warplanes.