1. Orbits & Eyes Modified Occipito- mental (baseline 55 0 to film) Modified Occipito- mental (baseline 55 0 to film) Occipito –frontal with 25 0 - 30 0 caudal angulation of the beam Occipito –frontal with 25 0 - 30 0 caudal angulation of the beam Lateral Lateral For Localization of IOFB – Three Lateral projections with the patient looking Up, Straight, & Down. For Localization of IOFB – Three Lateral projections with the patient looking Up, Straight, & Down.

2. Orbits – PA 25 0 - 30 0

3. Orbits – modified OM Median plane perpendicular to bucky Median plane perpendicular to bucky Inter orbital line parallel to bucky Inter orbital line parallel to bucky Chin is adjusted to bring the base line (plane) at 55 0 to bucky Chin is adjusted to bring the base line (plane) at 55 0 to bucky Central ray perpendicular and to pass through a point in midline at the level of the inferior orbital margins Central ray perpendicular and to pass through a point in midline at the level of the inferior orbital margins

4. Optic Foramina Note :- The optic canals open into the rear of the bony orbits, that is the optic foramina. The canals pass forwards and laterally at approximately 35 0 to the median sagittal plane and downwards at approximately 35 0 to the odito-meatal plane, and this is the path the central ray must take to demonstrate the foramen. The optic canals open into the rear of the bony orbits, that is the optic foramina. The canals pass forwards and laterally at approximately 35 0 to the median sagittal plane and downwards at approximately 35 0 to the odito-meatal plane, and this is the path the central ray must take to demonstrate the foramen. Both sides must be done foe comparison Both sides must be done foe comparison

5. Optic Foramen Position the head so that The Nose, Zygoma and Chin of the side being examined is in contact with the bucky Position the head so that The Nose, Zygoma and Chin of the side being examined is in contact with the bucky Orbit in center of the bucky Orbit in center of the bucky Median sagital plane 53 0 to bucky Median sagital plane 53 0 to bucky The Acanthiomeatal line (plane) is perpendicular to the bucky The Acanthiomeatal line (plane) is perpendicular to the bucky Beam – perpendicular & to pass through the orbit Beam – perpendicular & to pass through the orbit

6. Optic foramen – PA oblique Head in PA position related to the bucky Head in PA position related to the bucky Position the head so that The Nose, Cheek and Chin of the side being examined is in contact with the bucky Position the head so that The Nose, Cheek and Chin of the side being examined is in contact with the bucky Orbit in center of the bucky Orbit in center of the bucky Median sagital plane 55 0 to bucky Median sagital plane 55 0 to bucky The base line (plane) is at 55 0 to the bucky The base line (plane) is at 55 0 to the bucky Beam – perpendicular & to pass through the orbit Beam – perpendicular & to pass through the orbit

7. Optic foramen- Radiographic appearance Criteria Optic foramen visible at the end of the sphenoid ridge in inferior and lateral quadrant of the orbit. Optic foramen visible at the end of the sphenoid ridge in inferior and lateral quadrant of the orbit.

8. Optic foramen