1. Streptococcus mutans Erin Parker

2. Goal
The learner will understand the role Streptococcus mutans plays in dental caries

3. Objectives
After this presentation the learner will be able to : 1. Identify Streptococcus mutans as an etiologic agent of dental carries. 2. Discus various routes of transmission exhibited by S. mutans. 3. Understand and recognize symptoms of dental carries.

4. Objectives 4. Evaluate a proper diagnosis of dental carries.
5. Assess risk factors and susceptibility of dental carries caused by S. mutans.
6. Choose an appropriate treatment for dental carries.
7. Suggest ways to prevent dental carries.

5. What are Dental Caries? Holes or structural damage in the teeth
Most common of all disorders second to the common cold
Common cause of tooth loss

6. What Causes Dental Carries?
Multi-factorial disease
Streptococcus mutans is the main cariogenic bacteria
S. sobrunis and lactobacillus can also cause a role but must have S. mutans present to colonize

7. Streptococcus mutans Gram positive cocci
Veridans group, majority are α-hemolytic, also β- and γ-hemolytic
Ferments sugars especially sucrose
VP(+), urease(-), Arg (-)
Hard to pick colonies on Sucrose Agar, Dextran positive

8. Virulence Factors Formation of acid from sugars
Glucans: uses glucosyltransferase to convert sucrose to glucans which promote adherence, energy stores, and biofilm accumulation
Acid tolerence

9. Routes of Transmission Formation of Dental Biofilm
Vertical: Mother to Child
Horizontal: Non-maternal transfer
Window of Infectivity: teething, molar emergence, sucrose consumption, immunological conditions of children
Journal of Oral Science, Vol. 47, No. 2, 59-64, 2005
Correspondence to Dr. Reginaldo B. Gonçalves, Department of
Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University
of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil Av. Limeira, 901 -
Areião - Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Caixa Postal 052
Tel:
Fax:
Transmission, diversity and virulence factors
of Streptococcus mutans genotypes
Marcelo Henrique Napimoga, Jose Francisco Höfling, Marlise Inez Klein,
Regianne Umeko Kamiya and Reginaldo Bruno Gonçalves
Department of Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba,
University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
(Received 3 December 2004 and accepted 9 April 2005)
Review

10. Symptoms Could be mild Toothaches, severe to mild
Sensitivity to cold and hot foods
Holes on surface of teeth
Severe swelling of jawbone and intense pain should be considered and emergency

11. Diagnosis X-Rays : More common and cost effective
To Identify the cariogenic agent:
Mitis-Salivarius agar and TYC agar with Bacitracin
Selective for Streptococcus species
Sucrose makes it differential because of formation of glucans and distinctive frosted glass appearance
This medium contains the selective agents crystal violet, potassium tellurite and trypan blue.

12. Who is at Risk? Pediatric population Poor Hygiene Everyone

13. What's the Prognosis and is there a Treatment?
Both depend of the Patient
Mild caries= Flouride treatment (remineralization)
Fillings
Crowns
Root canals
Very bad= Loss of tooth
Critical= Systemic infection
Usually more cosmetic than life threatening

14. Is Dental Carries Preventable?
Easier for some than others
Good oral hygiene
Sugar consumption
“Gold Standard”=Chlorohexidine
Photochemical essential oils
“The effect of Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oils on dental biofilm.”
Green tea: ↓ acidity
“A pilot study of the role of green tea use on oral health

15. References
Awadalla, H. I., Ragab, M. H., Bassuoni, M. W., Fayed, M. T., & Abbas, M. O. (2011). A pilot study of the role of green tea use on oral health. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 9,
Baron, E. J., Jorgensen, J. H., Pfaller, M. A., & Yolken, R. H. (2003). Manual of clinical. In P. R. Murray (Ed.), Washington, D.C.: Microbiology Press.
Mahon, C. R., Lehman, D. C., & Manuselis, G. (2011). Textbook of diagnostic microbiology. Maryland Hights, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier.
Rasooli, I., Shayegh, S., & Astaneh, S. A. (2009). The effect of mentha spicata and eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oils on dental biofilm. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 7,
(2012, ). Retrieved from American Dental Association website:
2011, ). Streptococci and oral streptococci. Retrieved from The Oral Environment website:

16. Questions???