1. Ch. 16 Vocabulary Mandate Palestine Arab-Israeli Wars Kurd Persian Gulf War OPEC Primary product Secondary product Petrochemical Haj Ramadan Zionism Kibbutz Law of return Orthodox Jews Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur Secular Mustafa Kemal Grand National Assembly Ataturk Tansu Ciller

2. Mandate A country placed under the control of another power by international agreement.

3. Palestine An Arab region that was also the land the Jews had lived in 2,000 years earlier.

4. Arab-Israeli Wars A series of wars between 1948 and 1973 that were fought between Israel and the Arab countries of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon.

5. Kurd A member of a group of mountain people who live in Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey.

6. Persian Gulf War A 1991 War between the United States and Iraq.

7. OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries – decide the price and amount of oil produced in each country each year.

8. Primary Product A raw material used to manufacture other products.

9. SECONDARY PRODUCTS A product manufactured from raw materials.

10. PETROCHEMICALS A product made from petroleum or natural gas.

11. HAJ A pilgrimage to Mecca that most Muslims try to make at least once in a lifetime.

12. RAMADAN The ninth month of the Islamic year.

13. ZIONISM A movement that encouraged Jews to return to Palestine, the Jewish homeland, which many Jews call Zion.

14. KIBBUTZ A Jewish farming village in Palestine (present day Israel) whose members own everything in common, sharing labor, income, and expenses.

15. LAW OF RETURN States that Jews anywhere in the world can Immigrate to Israel and become citizens.

16. ORTHODOX JEWS A Jew who strictly follows Jewish law.

17. ROSH HASHANAH Jewish New Year

18. YOM KIPPUR Jewish Day of Atonement – Day for fasting and reflecting on one’s sins.

19. SECULAR Not specifically relating to religion.

20. MUSTAFA KEMAL Founder of modern Turkey

21. GRAND NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Turkey’s legislature – organized by Mustafa Kemal. He was the President of the Assembly.

22. ATATURK Name given to Mustafa Kemal by the Assembly which means “Father of the Turks”.

23. TANSU CILLER Turkey’s female Prime Minister during the 1990’s.