2. PHY 102 Atoms to Galaxies Sections 1/2

3. Mr. Zich Syllabus (online) http://www.phy.ilstu.edu/~zich/phy102/syllabus.html Mallard (homework and scores) https://mallard.phy.ilstu.edu/phy102zich ID or login is your ULID Password is your UID Homework on the Lessons page Scores in the View Grades page

4. Why study science? Exposure to broad range of ideas Integration with range of human thought Making personal decisions Policy making (government) Voting on issues Essential to economy and society Understand reports of scientific findings

5. What is science? Ability to produce solutions Body of knowledge Method (process) for learning

6. Scientific Method Identify pattern or regularity Hypothesis Predict outcome (or observation) Observation (experiment) Theory …or Revise

7. Scientific Theories SCIENTIFIC THEORY MUST BE TESTABLE SCIENTIFIC THEORY MUST AGREE WITH ALL OBSERVATIONS Old Theories (< 1650) Only explained existing observations Modern Theories (>1650)

8. Scientific “Proof” Scientific theories not known with absolute certainty Because of Problem of Induction Reasoning in science A new observation can undermine theory Correlation

9. Pseudoscience Theories that presume w/o justification to have a scientific basis Costumed as science Use jargon Based on Authority Also use Testimony (in place of observation) Scientific basis is Observation

10. Pseudoscience SCIENCEPSEUDO-SCIENCE Primary support: ObservationPrimary support: Authority Theory: Constantly changing to accommodate new observations, usually predict new results Authority: Constantly reinterpreted to accommodate new evidence Claims: TestableClaims: Not testable, impossible to verify. Burden of proof: Carries its ownBurden of proof: On the skeptic or disbeliever Tries to solve mysteriesThrives on mysteries Encourages critical thinkingCritical thinking not welcome

11. Mathematics Mathematical Relationships Direct Inverse Power Law Inverse Square Scientific Notation

12. Mathematics PREFIX SYMBOL POWER tera T 10 12 Giga G 10 9 mega M 10 6 kilo k 10 3 hecto h 10 2 Deca da 10 1 Deci d 10 -1 PREFIX SYMBOLPOWER Centi c10 -2 milli m10 -3 micro  10 -6 nanon10 -9 picop10 -12 femto f10 -15 attoa10 -18

13. Mathematics Scalars Use ordinary arithmetic Vectors Triangle method pythagoras

14. Mathematics Operations on vectors Equality Negative Addition Triangle method Pythagoras Subtraction Multiplication by scalar

15. Mathematics Triangle Method (tip-to-tail)

16. Mathematics Pythagorean Theorem Based on right triangle A 2 + B 2 = C 2