1. Protective Coatings Specified for the Upstream and Downstream of the Oil and Gas Industry Presented by: Kristin Leonard, Bechtel

2. Introduction This webinar will define several types of anti- corrosion coatings for the oil and gas industry. The coatings presented will have performance properties such as: intumescent and heat- resistant properties, high levels of abrasion resistance and, the durability to increase component life

3. Upstream Segments Off-shore production and storage Drilling rigs Subsea equipment On-shore production facilities

4. Off-Shore Production and Storage FPSOs, Semisubmersibles, Spars and TLPs maximize uptime by using the ultimate in long term corrosion protection from products such as an high build epoxies (some pigmented with MIO) and thermal spray aluminum. Epoxy intumescent fire protection coating systems provides both long term corrosion resistance as well as excellent fire protection

5. Off-Shore Production and Storage Decks Hull Living Quarters Topside Structures and Structural Steel Flare Boom Turret

6. Drilling Rigs Offshore drilling operators choose to use products to reduce maintenance over the long term. This is why high performance epoxy tank linings are chosen for ballast tanks in drillships and semisubmerisbles in accordance with IMO PSPC. A surface tolerant epoxy coating that is easy to apply is ideal for upgrading of off the shelf components and maintenance.

7. Drilling Rigs Hull Decks and Heli-Decks Topside Structure and Structural Steel Risers Living Quarters Derrick

8. Subsea Equipment An epoxy barrier coating provides excellent long term corrosion and abrasion resistance for subsea structures. A foul release coating minimizes bio-fouling accumulation and so maximizes the visibility of subsea structures allowing ROV inspections to be easily carried out.

9. Topside Equipment Fixed Platform – Flare Boom – Topside and Pipework – Living Quarters – Jacket – Risers

10. On-Shore Production Facilities Modern onshore production facilities now rely on high heat corrosion needs being met with inorganic ethyl silicate zinc topcoat with high heat silicone aluminum or thermal spray systems that can provide corrosion resistance across a wide temperature range

11. On-Shore Production Facilities An ultra high solids, two component polycyclamine cured lining system utilising advanced epoxy novolac technology offers a unique lining solution for high temperature and high pressure needs such as oil-water separator systems.

12. Examples of Coatings for the Upstream Segments

13. Decks Epoxy or polyester non-skid Epoxy with optional aliphatic polyurethane finish coat

14. Hull Submersed Exterior – Multi-coat glass flake filled epoxy plus anti-fouling Atmospheric Exterior – Inorganic Zinc or Zinc Rich Epoxy primer – Epoxy intermediate coat – Acrylic polyurethane Interior – Inorganic Zinc; Zinc Rich Epoxy or Epoxy primer

15. Legs/Splash Zone High or Ultra-High Immersion Build Epoxy – DFT’s ranging between 400-1200 mils – Used In splash and tidal zones; also used on riser pipes and “J”-tubes

16. Exterior Living Quarters IOZ ethyl silicate primer Epoxy intermediate coat Acrylic polyurethane

17. Topside Uninsulated – IOZ ethyl silicate primer – Epoxy intermediate coat – Acrylic polyurethane Insulated – Epoxy phenolic < 425˚F

18. Topside (cont’d) Uninsulated Stainless Steel – Epoxy primer – Epoxy intermediate coat – Acrylic polyurethane Insulated Stainless Steel – Epoxy Phenolic < 425˚F

19. Topside (Cont’d) Galvanized Steel – Epoxy Primer – Epoxy Intermediate Coat – Acrylic Polyurethane Flare Boom Structure – IOZ Ethyl Silicate Primer – Epoxy Intermediate Coat – Acrylic Polyurethane Flare Boom Tip – IOZ ethyl silicate primer – High Heat Silicone

20. Turret Topside – IOZ Ethyl Silicate Primer – Epoxy Intermediate Coat – Acrylic Polyurethane Submerged – Multicoat glass flake filled epoxy – Fluoropolymer Foul Release Coating

21. Downstream Segments Refineries Chemical and petrochemical plants Gas processing and LNG Storage terminals

22. Refineries Oil refineries have relied on protective coatings in both new construction and maintenance, to provide vital corrosion and fire protection to minimize unplanned shutdowns

23. Refineries Process Product Storage Tanks Distillation Columns and Splitters Pipe Racks Fin Fan Coolers Heat Exchangers Process Vessels

24. Refineries Cold Preheat Train Exhaust Stack Desalter Furnaces Pumps and Compressors

25. Refineries Gas Storage Tanks Crude Storage Tanks Product Storage Tanks Jetty

26. Chemical Processing Industry Coatings applied in the chemical processing industry must be suitable for use on the wide range of processes and operating temperatures

27. Gas Processing and LNG The USA has huge reservoirs of natural gas. The extraction and transport of LNG is an industry of continuing growth. Ships involving LNG transport have increased dramatically in the last decade and are expected to continue to grow in the future.

28. Gas Processing and LNG Coatings applied in this industry must be resistant to cryogenic applications

29. Storage Terminals Tank linings provide valuable chemical and corrosion protection to storage tanks containing a wide range of chemicals at different concentrations and temperatures

30. Examples of Coatings for the Upstream Segments

31. Coatings for Uninsulated Areas with a Temperature up to 240F IOZ ethyl silicate or zinc rich epoxy primer Epoxy intermediate coat Acrylic Polyurethane topcoat

32. Coatings for Areas Insulated up to 425F High Build Epoxy Phenolic or Novolac Coating – Immersion Grade

33. Coatings for Areas that Require Fire Protection Epoxy; Cellular Glass w/ Stainless Steel Jacketing Epoxy Intumescent Fire Protection Coating System with optional Acrylic Polyurethane Topcoat

34. Coatings for Areas that Require Fire Protection IOZ Ethyl Silicate Primer or Galvanized Epoxy Primer in accordance with Fire protection manufacturer Epoxy Intumescent Fire Protection Coating System Acrylic Polyurethane

35. Summary The upstream and downstream segments of the oil and gas industry present an array of unique challenges. Given the drive to cut capital costs and the need to adhere to strict environmental regulations that are inherent in this industry, the long life of a coating system and effective protection of assets is essential