1. Conditional clauses introduces by when, unless... I wish... If only...

2. The conditional can be introduced by conjuctions other than if. A dependent clause can begin with: when, to talk about conditions that are certain to happen. When we finish our exams, we’ll go on a trip to the seaside. (it is certain that we will finish them) unless, to propose a negative condition, same as if...not. They won’t show your exam results, unless you ask to see them. (also:..... If you don’t ask...) Unless is followed by the verb in the affirmative form.

3. provided (that), to highlight the idea of restriction or limitation. It is often used in reference with permissions. You can have a sleepover at your friend’s, provided his parents are at home. but for (we are translating as “Were it not for”.....) But for your help, we wouldn’t have made it. (also: if it weren’t for your help....) in case / just in case In case we are late, don’t wait for us. (also: Should we be late... / in case we should be late...)

4. To express wishes or dreams that are hard to fulfil, other than the forms I would really like/ love to, the verb wish can be used with the following structures: wishes referring to present situation. wish + past simple / past continuous or wish + could + base form of verb I wish I were a maths genius. I wish my son could play the violin. We wish it wasn’t raining. (but it is raining)

5. wish + would + base form of verb is used only if we want someone else to do something different. I wish you would listen to me. His parents wish he would stop smoking.

6. regrets, wishes referring to past situation now unchangable. wish + past perfect He wishes he had never met her. I wish I hadn’t bought this computer. It’s causing me a lot of trouble.

7. The conjuction if only is used in the following construction: to express desire, but also disappointment or regret for a present fact. If only + past simpleorwould / could + base form of the verb If only I could have glass of water. If only she didn’t / wouldn’t cry. to express regrets regarding a past situation If only + past perfect If only I hadn’t said those words. (also: I wish I hadn’t said those words.)

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