1. Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

2. Asexual reproduction 1 parent.
The primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as archaea, bacteria, and protists.
Some plants and fungi reproduce asexually as well.

3. Sexual Reproduction 2 parents
Results in increasing genetic diversity of the offspring.
Characterized by two processes:
meiosis, halving of the number of chromosomes
fertilization, combining two sex cells (can be internal or external)
Primary method of reproduction for most visible organisms, including almost all animals and plants.

4. Binary Fission Asexual
Cell splits and replicated DNA goes with each part
Prokaryotes, Bacteria
+ Fast and easy
- Everybody has the same DNA

5. Bacterial Conjugation
Does not produce offspring, changes parent.
A bacteria shoots out a tube and sends a piece of its DNA to another bacteria
Bacteria
+ Mixes DNA
- “Parent” loses a little piece of DNA

6. Fragmentation/ regeneration
Asexual
Body of parent breaks and produces offspring
Fungi, moss, sea stars, planarian
+ Easy
- Parent broken, same DNA
Fragmentation or Clonal Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning where an organism is split into fragments. The splitting may or may not be intentional. Each of these fragments develop into mature, fully grown individuals that are a clone of the original organism. If the organism is split any further the process is repeated.
Fragmentation is seen in many organisms such as molds, some annelid worms, and starfish. Binary fission of single-celled organisms such bacteria, protozoa and many algae is a type of fragmentation.
Molds, yeast, and mushrooms, all of which are part of the Fungi kingdom, produce tiny filaments called hyphae. These hyphae obtain food and nutrients from the body of other organisms to grow and fertilize. Then a piece of hyphae breaks off and grows into a new individual and the cycle continues.
Fragmentation is observed in nonvascular plants as well, liverworts and mosses.

7. Fragmentation/ regeneration
Fragmentation or Clonal Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning where an organism is split into fragments. The splitting may or may not be intentional. Each of these fragments develop into mature, fully grown individuals that are a clone of the original organism. If the organism is split any further the process is repeated.
Fragmentation is seen in many organisms such as molds, some annelid worms, and starfish. Binary fission of single-celled organisms such bacteria, protozoa and many algae is a type of fragmentation.
Molds, yeast, and mushrooms, all of which are part of the Fungi kingdom, produce tiny filaments called hyphae. These hyphae obtain food and nutrients from the body of other organisms to grow and fertilize. Then a piece of hyphae breaks off and grows into a new individual and the cycle continues.
Fragmentation is observed in nonvascular plants as well, liverworts and mosses.
Moss

8. Budding Asexual Offspring grows out of parent Yeast, hydras
+ Fast, somewhat easy
- Same DNA

9. Pollination Sexual Pollen is delivered to female part of plant
Flowering plants
+ Plants don’t have to move, mixes DNA
- Need external source for pollination to take place; wind, bee, bat, butterfly etc.

10. Pollination