1. Figure 20.5 Types of Connections Between Ganglia and Postganglionic Neurons in the Sympathetic Division of the ANS Process Diagrams Step-by-Step Copyright © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. Posterior ramus of spinal nerve Anterior ramus of spinal nerve Gray ramus communicans White ramus communicans To visceral effectors: smooth muscle of blood vessels, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands of skin Posterior root Posterior horn Posterior root ganglion Anterior root Prevertebral ganglion (celiac ganglion) Spinal nerve Lateral horn Anterior horn Spinal cord Visceral effector: intestine Anterior view Preganglionic neuron Sympathetic trunk ganglion Postganglionic neurons Skin 1

3. Posterior ramus of spinal nerve Anterior ramus of spinal nerve Gray ramus communicans White ramus communicans To visceral effectors: smooth muscle of blood vessels, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands of skin Posterior root Posterior horn Posterior root ganglion Anterior root Prevertebral ganglion (celiac ganglion) Spinal nerve Lateral horn Anterior horn Spinal cord Visceral effector: intestine Anterior view Preganglionic neuron Sympathetic trunk ganglion Postganglionic neurons Skin 1 2 2

4. Posterior ramus of spinal nerve Anterior ramus of spinal nerve Gray ramus communicans White ramus communicans To visceral effectors: smooth muscle of blood vessels, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands of skin Posterior root Posterior horn Posterior root ganglion Anterior root Prevertebral ganglion (celiac ganglion) Spinal nerve Lateral horn Anterior horn Spinal cord Visceral effector: intestine Anterior view Preganglionic neuron Sympathetic trunk ganglion Postganglionic neurons Skin 1 3 2 2