1. Ground Water Objectives

2. 1) Define the water cycle. 2) Explain the factors that effect the storage and movement of groundwater. 3) Explain how porosity and permeability effect rate of infiltration and amount of runoff. 4) State the relationship between capillary action and grain size.

3. Objective 1 The water cycle: The movement of water from the oceans to the atmosphere back to the earth’s surface where it runs off or soaks into the ground. The water cycle: The movement of water from the oceans to the atmosphere back to the earth’s surface where it runs off or soaks into the ground. A. 98% of water on the earths surface is found in the ________. The remaining 2% is fresh water in the form of ______, ________________and _______________ A. 98% of water on the earths surface is found in the ________. The remaining 2% is fresh water in the form of ______, ________________and _______________ oceans ice Surface waterGround water

4. Water Cycle Ground water. Animation. Ground water. Animation. Ground water. Animation. Ground water. Animation.

5. Permeability Permeability Permeability Permeability

6. Groundwater - flash animated diagram Groundwater - flash animated diagram Groundwater - flash animated diagram Groundwater - flash animated diagram

7. Labels: Zone of Saturation, Zone of Aeration, Capillary water, Porosity, Water Table, Ground water Labels: Zone of Saturation, Zone of Aeration, Capillary water, Porosity, Water Table, Ground water

8. Objective 2 Factors that effect the storage and movement of ground water: Factors that effect the storage and movement of ground water:Porosity:Permeability: Space between the particles expressed in %. Rate of flow between particles expressed in cm/sec.

9. Porosity Note: the ________ the porosity the ________ the amount of ground water. Note: the ________ the porosity the ________ the amount of ground water. Porosity is effected by _________ and _________. Porosity is effected by _________ and _________. higher packing greater sorting

10. Packing- The arrangement of particles The example below shows differences in packing. Which do you think has the higher porosity? The example below shows differences in packing. Which do you think has the higher porosity? A B Relationship between packing and porosity: the more efficient the packing the less the porosity

11. Sorting: the distribution of sizes The example shows differences in sorting. Which do you think has the higher porosity? The example shows differences in sorting. Which do you think has the higher porosity? ab The relationship between grain sorting and porosity: The poorer the sorting the less the porosity.

12. Graph the relationship between sorting and porosity High Low Porosity PoorGood Sorting

13. How does grain size affect porosity in a well sorted sediment? The example below shows differences in grain size. Which do you think has the higher porosity? The example below shows differences in grain size. Which do you think has the higher porosity? There is no relationship between grain size and porosity

14. Plot the relationship between grain size in a well sorted sediment and porosity High Low Porosity Grain Size SmallLarge

15. Permeability Permeability is affected by ______and ________. Permeability is affected by ______and ________. How does grain size affect permeablility? The example below (next slide) shows differences in grain size. Which do you think has the higher permeability? How does grain size affect permeablility? The example below (next slide) shows differences in grain size. Which do you think has the higher permeability? size Sorting

16. Which do you think has the higher permeability? The larger the size the greater the permeability The relationship between grain size and permeability:

17. Sorting and Permeability The example below shows differences in sorting. Which do you think has the higher permeability? The example below shows differences in sorting. Which do you think has the higher permeability? Write the relationship between sorting and permeability: The better the sorting, the greater the permeability.

18. Permiability Permeability Permeability Permeability

19. Infiltration is affected by permeability, porosity and slope, temperature. Permeability: Permeability: Porosity: Porosity: Slope: Slope: Temperature: Temperature: The greater the permeability, the greater the infiltration The greater the porosity, the greater the infiltration. The lower the slope the greater the infiltration Temperatures above freezing( O o ) produce greater infiltration

20. Graph each relationship Permeability Permeability Porosity Porosity High Low High Low Rate of Infiltration

21. Slope Slope Temperature Temperature High Low Rate Infiltration

22. 2.) Amount of runoff is effected by the same three factors but the relationship is exactly the opposite. Write the relationships between runoff and permeability, porosity, slope and Temperature a. Permeability vs. Runoff: b. Porosity vs. Runoff: c. Slope vs. Runoff: d. Temperature vs. Runoff: The less the permeability, the higher the runoff. The less the porosity, the higher the runoff. The greater the slope, the greater the runoff. Temps less than 0 0 C causes greater runoff.

23. Objective 4 How is capillary action affected by grain size? 1. Capillary Action: a. The ________ the grain size the ________ the capillary action. Force that that causes water to move upward in sediment smaller greater Boulders LowHigh Clay Grain Size Capillary Action

24. Summary Water Cycle