1. End Of Cold War Europe New Soviet Leaders- Gorbahev- 1985 New Soviet Leaders- Gorbahev- 1985 –Reform- private ownership, local control freedom- elections, less censorship –INF- Arms control treaty- inspection of rival arms –Less soldiers in E. Europe Nov. 1989- Berlin Wall falls Nov. 1989- Berlin Wall falls Revolution begins- independence movements- 1990 Revolution begins- independence movements- 1990 Conservative Communist leaders kick out Gorbachev Conservative Communist leaders kick out Gorbachev –Failed, returned no longer communist December, non-Russian republics declare independence December, non-Russian republics declare independence –Poland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania- all democracies –Yugoslavia- ethnic fighting/cleansing China 1980’s/ 90’s- govt loosens control on business 1980’s/ 90’s- govt loosens control on business 1989- March on Tiananmen square- student demonstration- freedoms- hundreds killed 1989- March on Tiananmen square- student demonstration- freedoms- hundreds killed

2. Latin America Nicaragua- Carter vs. Reagan support of Sandinistas (communist, overthrow harsh dictator) then Contras (fight with sandistas) Nicaragua- Carter vs. Reagan support of Sandinistas (communist, overthrow harsh dictator) then Contras (fight with sandistas) –Aid/ weapons/ CIA directions/assistance w/o congressional approval- illegal –1990- Daniel Ortega- Free elections Grenada- troops overthrow pro-cuban govt Grenada- troops overthrow pro-cuban govt Panama- overthrow govt- convict leader of drug trafficking/ Noriega Panama- overthrow govt- convict leader of drug trafficking/ Noriega Middle East Iran-Contra- 1983 terrorist take American hostages- No help for Iran- Secret deal US military supplies to Iran to fight Iraq, $ to contras- congress no idea MAD!! Iran-Contra- 1983 terrorist take American hostages- No help for Iran- Secret deal US military supplies to Iran to fight Iraq, $ to contras- congress no idea MAD!! Gulf War- Iran vs. Iraq-1990 Iraq takes Kuwait- moving towards Saudi Arabia- Operation Desert Storm- Jan-Feb 1991 Gulf War- Iran vs. Iraq-1990 Iraq takes Kuwait- moving towards Saudi Arabia- Operation Desert Storm- Jan-Feb 1991

3. 1990’s Another recession Another recession Democrat- Bill Clinton Health care reform- never happened, still discussed Health care reform- never happened, still discussed Economy recovers Economy recovers National debt- raise taxes, cut spending National debt- raise taxes, cut spending NAFTA- open trade between Mexico, US, Canada NAFTA- open trade between Mexico, US, Canada Support new Russian democracy Support new Russian democracy Balanced budget Balanced budget Divided govt- Republican congress- shut down in govt Divided govt- Republican congress- shut down in govt Voter apathy Voter apathy American/Global Economy Inflation, unemployment falling Inflation, unemployment falling Service jobs Service jobs From farms to factories to offices From farms to factories to offices Technology industries Technology industries Lower trade barriers (tariffs, World Trade Organization) Lower trade barriers (tariffs, World Trade Organization) –Jobs moving  Less regulation  Cheaper labor –Jobs created/ more trade

4. 90’s cont.. Technology Internet- built by individuals, govt protection Internet- built by individuals, govt protection –Dept of defense- research –Email –Work from home/ fax machines –Research/information/ entertainment Telecommunications act- more competition Telecommunications act- more competition Health care- improved medicines, machines/ MRI Health care- improved medicines, machines/ MRI –Genetic engineering?? Entertainment- Computers, video games, virtual reality, CD, DVD, MP3 Education- computer labs, power point, internet Education- computer labs, power point, internet Cars/ safety- airbags Cars/ safety- airbags Environment- recycling, cleaner cars/hybrid, other energy sources Environment- recycling, cleaner cars/hybrid, other energy sources

5. Clinton and the Law Moral responsibility Moral responsibility –Power/sex –Monica Lewinski/ affairs –Perjury/impeachment America Changes Movement back to the cities Movement back to the cities Minorities move to suburbs Minorities move to suburbs Elderly- social services Elderly- social services Immigration- 45% Latin America (Mexico), 30% Asia, debate/hostility Immigration- 45% Latin America (Mexico), 30% Asia, debate/hostility Future problems- global warming, terrorism, poverty Future problems- global warming, terrorism, poverty Focus on new technology, better education Focus on new technology, better education