0. Generation of Telecom Networks Evolution
TCS Internal
September 29, 2014

1. Objective
This presentation covers the Generation of Telecom Network Evolution. Basically the presentation aims on the evolution from 1G to 4G and some concepts of 4G. As a beginner to the Telecom world, this presentation will provide foundation for understanding the telecom evolution .

2. Index Network Evolution Evolution of Transmission Technology
3G Networks
4G Networks
General Bit Rates
Summary & Discussion Points
References

3. Network Evolution First generation (1G): Analog voice systems
No standardization
Second Generation (2G): Digital voice systems
Currently deployed systems
CDMA, GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), PDC (Japan) D-AMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System)
PCS Systems
Second Generation – advanced (2.5G): Combining voice and data communications
Providing enhanced data rate
Two basic technologies:
GSM-based (high baud rate)
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
Utilizes voice time slots to send packet traffic
An overlay over the existing voice system

4. Network Evolution Contd..
Third Generation (3G): Digital voice and data communications
Developing a more general mobile network
Handling Internet access, , messaging, multimedia
Access to any services (voice, video, data, etc.)
Requires high quality transmission
Forth Generation (4G): All-IP mobile networks
Ubiquitous wireless communications
Transparent to any services
Integrating multinetworks
Name
T1\E1
SONET/SDH
OTN
Family
1st
2nd
3rd
For
Voice non
BOD, static
Voice non
BOD, static
Voice video
BOD, dynamic
MUX
TDM
E/E/E
TDM
O/E/O
WDM
O/O/O
Media
Copper
Copper-
Fiber
Fiber
Capacity
Mbit/s
Gbit/s
Tbit/s
Payload
Fixed
Length
Fixed
Length
Fixed or
Variable
Protocol $$ No
PPP, IP,ATM
****
PPP,IP,ATM,
MPLS
Time
Year
1960
1980
****: Minor support
$$: Protocol Interworking

5. Evolution of Transmission Technology
Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM, 1994)
**Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) lower DWDM transmission cost
Optical Fiber (late 80s)
Higher data rates; longer link lengths
Intelligent optical networking (1999)
Routing and signaling for optical paths
Copper is transmission medium
1st Generation
2nd Generation
3rd Generation
Evolution of Transmission Technology
1st Generation:
Copper is transmission medium
2nd Generation:
Optical Fiber (late 80s)
Higher data rates; longer link lengths
Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM, 1994)
Fiber exhaust forces DWDM
Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) lower DWDM transmission cost
3rd Generation:
Intelligent optical networking (1999)
Routing and signaling for optical paths

6. 3G Networks Two basic proposals to handle voice and data
Ericsson: Universal Mobile Telecommunications systems (UMTS)
Compatible with European GSM
Backed by ETSI and Japan
Qualcom: CDM2000
Not compatible with GSM (cannot hand off called to GSM-based cells)
Compatible for IS-95 (supported by U.S)
3G Standards
1999 UMTS took over and an agreement was made over setting some standards
A revolutionary technology with unlimited potential or not so great?
Major competing technologies
Bluetooth
Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.x standards) – also known as WiFi
Short range wireless communications
Highly utilized and very popular: offices, airports, coffee shops, universities and schools
Two basic modes of operations:
Ad-hoc networking: computers send data to one another
Access point:: sending data to the base station

7. 4G Networks Otherwise known as NextG, Beyond 3G, 4G, and more!
Motivation
Providing all available services to highly mobile people (anytime anywhere)
Use your wireless device anywhere for listening to music, shopping (m-commerce) , downloading (file transfer), watching video (live streaming)
Multiple applications (talk and use Internet services at the same time)
Objectives
Total convergence of the wireless mobile and wireless access communications (developing a broadband wireless network)
Ubiquitous wireless communications and services
Integration of multi-networks using IP technology
Similar technology to the wired Internet where users are freed from their local networks
All-IP based wireless networks
Not just IP end-to-end but over-the-air packet switching
Supporting native wireless IP mode
Highly integrated
High bandwidth / high-speed wireless
Highly compatible with wired network infrastructures
ATM, IP, ATM

8. 4G Technology Challenges
Supporting heterogeneous multitude of systems
Includes multiple networks:
Cellular telecommunication systems
Digital video broadband
Digital audio broadband
Wireless LAB, Bluethood-based networks
Open communication network: infrastructure independent which can access to any services and applications (now and in the future!)
Complete compatibility between wireless and wired networks through gateways
Supporting statistical multiplexing of heterogeneous data over-the-air
Latency, noisy environment, unpredictable discontinuities and loss, etc.
High-speed wireless transmission over the air
High performance physical layer
20Mbps (2G: 28Kbps, 3G: 2Mbps)
Scarce bandwidth availability
Efficient frequency spectrum utilization
Efficient hand off
Dynamic bandwidth allocation
Advanced digital transmission technology (modulation, low power devices, etc.)

9. Signal level Bit rate No. of DS0s
General bit rates
Signal level Bit rate No. of DS0s
DS 1 / T M 24
DS 2 / T M 96
DS 3 / T M 672 E E E E

10. Summary & Discussion Points
First generation (1G) : Analog voice systems
Second Generation (2G): Digital voice systems
Third Generation (3G): Digital voice and data communications
Forth Generation (4G): All-IP mobile networks
Discussion Points
What are various Generations of Networks?
What are various generations of transmission systems?
What are the challenges in 4G?

11. References www.slideshare.net/h4ck3dbykhurafati/3-g-and-4g-final-ppt