2. Matter The Building Blocks of the Universe

3. What is Matter? Matter-anything that has mass and volume what the universe is made of Examples-wood, water, gold, gases, salt, clay, plants, animals, glass

4. Properties of Matter Characteristics of matter that describe the object Examples-color, odor, size, texture, hardness, mass, weight, volume, and density

5. Mass Mass-the amount of matter in an object Mass is constant, never changes. A triple beam balance is used to measure mass. Measured in grams

6. Inertia Inertia-the resistance of an object to changes in their motion If an object is at rest, a force must be used to make it move. If object is moving, need force to stop it. Increase mass = increase inertia

7. Weight Weight-measure of the force of gravity on an object Weight is not constant All objects exert a gravitational attraction on other objects How Much Will I Weigh on the Moon?How Much Will I Weigh on the Moon?

8. Volume and Density Volume is the amount of space an objects takes up Density is the mass per unit volume of an object D=Mass/Volume

9. Physical Properties of Matter Characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance Examples-phase changes, color, hardness, texture,

10. Phases of Matter (States) Solid-have definite shape and volume Liquid-definite volume, no def. shape Gas-no definite shape or volume Plasma-rare, not found naturally on Earth

11. Types of Matter

12. Particles within Matter Solid-particles are tightly packed together Liquid-particles are spread apart a little. Gas-particles are spread far apart Heat causes particles to speed up and move Gas Behavior

13. Phase Changes

14. Solid to liquid = melting Particles move further apart, gain energy Liquid to solid= freezing Particles move closer together, lose energy

15. Phase Changes Liquid to gas = vaporization Particles move further apart, gain energy Gas to liquid = condensation Particles move closer together, lose energy

16. Phase Changes Solid to gas = sublimation Particles move further apart, gain energy Example-dry ice. Frozen carbon dioxide is used to make fake smoke, fog

17. Identifying Physical & Chemical Changes

18. Chemical Properties/Changes Chemical property- describe how one substance changes into another new substance Chemical change-is the process by which substances change (chemical reaction)

19. Examples of Chemical Changes Burning objects Rusting of metals Baking/digestion Photosynthesis/Respir. Making of synthetic materials such as nylon, rayon, plastic, and some foods. Physical and Chemical ChangesPhysical and Chemical Changes