1. Nuclear Instrumentation

2. CEU 2014 Waikoloa Resort Hawaii

3. Nuclear Instrumentation & Signal Processing Mohammad W. Ahmed TUNL REU Lecture What is all this mess ?

4. Closer Look Seems to be some organization in this mess

5. Instrumentation

6. Detectors Electronic Modules Computers

7. Instrumentation Signal Processing & Logic Event Reconstruction Signal

8. 10010011010010111 Interaction Picture Signal Signal Processing Event Reconstruction

10. Positive TTLNIM LongShortNegative Bi-polar DC ECL

12. Amplitudes (Pulse Height = Peak Voltage); Time (Duration = dt, Start time, t0; Charge Q iR + Q/C = V o dQ/dT + Q/RC = Q o /RC … Q = (V 0 /R e – t/RC ) t 

13. Gamma-Ray of 1.46 MeVGamma-Ray of 2.61 MeV V T V T  V V   V Example 1

14. Counts Energy (MeV) 1.46 2.61 Energy = Constant X V  Acquiring the Constant is called Energy calibration

15. d1 d2 Example 2 d0 T Time-of-Flight (TOF) is differnt

16. Example 3 Pulse Shape Gamma-Rayneutron Start Time is the same, Amplitude is also same Charge (Q) is different (Pulse Shape Discrimination PSD) T V

17. Making Copies Passive SplittingActive Splitting Simple “T” Electronic Module Linear/Logic Fan In/Out

18. Linear Fan In/Out Modules

19. Logic Creation (Yes/No) Presence of a signal Define the condition for a signal to be valid e.g., If the absolute amplitude is greater than 0.5 V than the signal is good = - 0.5 V TestResult YES ! IN Out YESNO Discriminator the

20. Logic Modules

21. Gain IN CG FG T Out Spectroscopy Amplifier “SpecAmp”

22. Amplifiers

23. Coincidence Did the two gamma-rays originate from the same source at the same time ? AB A B A+B A B False True A+B

24. Coincidence IN Outputs ABCDABCD Logic Inputs Logic Output Coincidence Unit

25. Analog to Digital Convt (ADC) / DAC 0110010100111101 ADC 0110010100111101 (to computer) (From device) (From computer) DAC (To device)

26. ADC Mask the signal by Bits 0 bit 8 bit Amplitude (0 to 10 V) is ranged from 0 to 8192 ADC Counts (for the case of 13 bits) 0 bit 13 bit More bits means better resolution !!!

27. Logic Gate ADC Linear Inputs

28. ADC

29. Scalers; Gate & Delay Generators; Pulse Generators; Filters; High Voltage Generators; Level Adaptors etc.

30. Fan IN/OUT, Disc., Amplifiers, etc ADCs, TDC, Scalers, etc

36. BNC “T” BNC Term. LEMO “T”LEMO Term. BNC Barrel BNC to LEMOLEMO Barrel

37. Where are all the cables and connectors in the Control Room ?

39. Acquire and process data DAQ and Analyzer DAQ is responsible of taking data from the electronics