1. Research for Estimating Airborne Emissions from Dairies in California Presentation for CCOS Policy Committee June 26, 2002 Fresno Patrick Gaffney California Air Resources Board pgaffney@arb.ca.gov 916-322-7303

2. 2 Why Look at Dairies? Based on existing estimates – Dairies will soon be the largest single source of reactive organic gas (ROG) in the SJV – Dairies are the largest source of ammonia in the SJV Existing estimates are based on old data for ROG, and incomplete data for ammonia

3. 3 SJV Annual ROG and Emissions*Reactivity TOG*Reactivity only shows only ozone forming 'potential'. Atmospheric modeling is required to evaluate how much ozone may actually be formed. 2001 SJV Emission Inventory ARB

4. 4 SJV Dairy Subgroup Representation includes: – Industry (dairymen and associations) – Regulators (CDFA, ARB, District, EPA) – Academics (CSU Fresno, UCD) Group has a focus on “What is the problem?” and “What can be done?” Group chairman: George Bluhm – CDFA

5. 5 Goals of Dairy Subgroup Identify and prioritize research projects Coordinate funding and researchers Develop and review project plans Assist in citing research studies Track and review research progress Evaluate if there are practices that can reduce emissions

6. 6 What Is Happening Now? Dairy ROG Measurements – CSU Fresno – ARB $100k contract, kick-off last week – Developing test plan & methods now – Initial research to provide first-cut estimates – First results in December if all goes well (2 dairies) Dairy ROG Measurements – UC Davis – USDA funding – Coordinated with CSU Fresno efforts – Perform more refined and process specific measurements – Longer time horizon (2+ years) – Team with Texas A&M for PM work

7. Potential Dairy Research Funding

8. 8 Dairy Research Needs Your Help Dairy research funding by CCOS will help provide better ozone modeling by: – Quantifying seasonal and temporal variations at dairies – Improving spatial resolution of dairy emissions Use of funds will be closely monitored by CCOS and SJV dairy subgroup

9. 9 What’s Next? Fresno State will be in the field late August – dairy selection underway Provide initial results for SJV ozone SIP - Dec The science will be painfully imperfect The focus on dairies will not disappear The industry is productively and proactively involved CCOS funding will provide tangible benefits for understanding ozone levels and sources

10. 10 END Additional detailed reference information follows

11. 11 Some Questions and Answers What are the reactive organic gas (ROG) emission rates for dairy cattle? – 160 lbs total organic gas per cow per year – 12.8 lbs reactive organic gas per cow per year – Based on study performed in 1938 – Most newer studies show higher ROG emissions Current mission factor based on emissions measured from animals confined in a test box (does not include manure decomposition) Additional detailed reference information

12. 12 Components of Dairy ROG * Compound Weight PercentROG Reactivity ** Methane70No0 Ethane20No0 Acetone2No0 Ethyl alcohol2Yes4.4 Isopropyl alcohol2Yes7.4 Propyl acetate2Yes4.1 Ethyl amine1Yes14.8 Trimethyl amine1Yes17.0 *Source: U.S. EPA (1980) Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Species Data Manual, Second Edition, EPA-450/4-80-015, July 1980. **ftp://ftp.cert.ucr.edu/pub/carter/pubs/s99appd.pdf

13. 13 Possible Dairy Research Timeline

14. Dairy Research Tasks

15. Dairy Emissions & Modeling