1. 1 California Dairy Air Emissions Action Plan Presentation for CRPAQS/CCOS POLICY COMMITTEE May 2, 2003 Matthew D. Summers, PE Office of Agriculture and Environmental Stewardship

2. 2 Why Do We Need Air Research on Dairies? California is home to a $4.6 billion dairy industry that would like to continue growth Dairy industry is largely located in two of the nation’s most polluted air basins, South Coast and San Joaquin Valley Federal Clean Air Act requires Air Districts to address all significant pollution sources California Environmental Quality Act requires all new projects to mitigate environmental impacts

3. 3 Why Are Livestock Emissions Important to Air Quality Studies? Livestock emissions are a large part of the inventories for secondary pollutants Accuracy of inventories are critical for “receptor” modeling Livestock emissions are subject to seasonal and operational variables important to assessing local pollution episodes

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5. 5 Air Emissions of Concern from Dairy Operations Reactive Organic Gas (ROG) – Reacts in the atmosphere to form ozone Ammonia – Reacts in the atmosphere to form PM 2.5 Particulate Matter – Soil and manure particles directly emitted as PM 10

7. 2000 Inventory (416 TPD NH3)

9. 9 Problems With Current Emissions Methodology Emissions factors from single study or “guess” High uncertainty estimates Do not account for factors (season, geography, site design, feed, manure management) Do not identify what process on the dairy operation generates emissions Do not offer opportunities to demonstrate reductions from improved practices

10. 10 Realities Regulators, academics, and the dairy industry need to work closely together if issues are to be resolved Regulatory decisions will be made with the available science, even if poor Without scientific evaluation, any changes to current practices may not improve air quality If we do not act, it is likely that others will force actions

11. 11 Dairy Subcommittee of SJVAPCD Representation: – Industry (Dairymen, Western United) – Air Regulators (SJVUAPCD, CARB, EPA) – Academics (UC Davis, CSU Fresno) – Others (SusCon, CARES, Kings Co., Merced Co.) – Chair (CDFA – George Bluhm) Group is focused on quantifying the problem and seeking effective solutions Group developed the Action Plan

12. 12 Goals of Dairy Air Action Plan To develop high quality emissions estimates for dairy operations including a model to predict temporally resolved, farm- and farm process specific emissions for dairies; To evaluate and compare air emission mitigation techniques and technologies for dairy operations. To develop sustainable incentive-based programs to ensure implementation of effective mitigation measures

13. 13 Action Plan Will Be Used to Organize Research and Funding A technical group will be formed within a funding agency to: – Develop RFP’s – Technical review of proposed projects – Maintain a “working” research plan – Seek additional funding for research – Provide results and information – Foster ongoing cooperation

14. 14 Sustainable Incentive-Based Programs California Dairy Quality Assurance Program (education) Environmental Quality Incentives Program and Conservation Reserve Program (partial funding through NRCS) Emissions Reduction Credits (incentive) Other Possible Incentives (loans, grant programs, etc.) All of these programs require a strong technical foundation to implement!

15. Timetable and Funding

16. 16 Total Initial Funding Sought Total Projected Costs: $2.5 million Funding Secured: $0.7 million – Sources: California Air Resources Board, Dairy Industry, USDA, USEPA, University of California, Members of Subcommittee Additional Funding Needed: $1.7 million

17. 17 Contact Information Matthew D. Summers, P.E. California Department of Food and Agriculture 1220 N. Street Sacramento, CA 95814 916-651-7178 msummers@cdfa.ca.gov