1. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: Biological Effects of WPT systems for MICS and Needs for Standardization of WPT systems Date Submitted: [xx Nov, 2009] Source: JoonHyeok Oh[CNU], Jeong Ki Pack[CNU], Tae Hong Kim[CNU], YangMoon Yoon[KORPA], MoonYoung Choi[KORPA], SangYun Lee[KORPA] Contact: JoonHyeok Oh, Chungnam National Univ, Korea Voice: : E-mail:clementa@naver.com Re: [n/a] Abstract: Provide some information on possible biological effects due to WPT systems and discuss the necessity for standardization Purpose: To investigate possible biological effects of WPT systems for MICS devices and to propose needs for standardization of WPT systems Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual's or organization's. The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor's reserves the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and maybe made publicly available by P802.15. Slide 1

2. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission 2 Biological Effects of WPT systems for MICS and Needs for Standardization of WPT systems JoonHyeok Oh[CNU], Tae Hong Kim[CNU] Jeong Ki Pack[CNU],, YangMoon Yoon[KORPA], MoonYoung Choi[KORPA], SangYun Lee[KORPA]

3. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission 3 Purpose and Contents This document presents to investigate possible biological effects of WPT systems for MICS devices and to propose needs for standardization of WPT systems Contents - Introduction - WPT system - Human protection guideline - Simulation 1 (403 MHz) - RF transmission - Simulation 2 (800 kHz) - Inductive coupling - Conclusions

4. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Introduction Nov 2009 Slide 4 Recently, application of WPT systems to MICS devices is actively investigated. However, WPT systems could cause possible health effects. The results of the preliminary study are presented and necessity for some kinds of standard is discussed. * WPT: Wireless Power Transmission

5. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 5 MICS devices Power requirements of IMD devices * MICS: Medical Implanted Communication System IMDTypical power requirement Pacemaker30~100uW Cardiac Defibrillator30~100uW Neurological Stimulator30uW to several mW Drug Pump100uW to 2mW Cochlear Implants10mW Capsule Endoscope37mW

6. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission WPT system for MICS Nov 2009 Slide 6 Methods  Inductive coupling technology: several cm – about 10 cm  Non-radiative resonance technology: several m  RF transmission technology: over several m Frequencies  125 kHz, 800 kHz, 10 MHz, 13.6 MHz, 40.68 MHz, 401 - 406 MHz, other ISM bands

7. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 7 Inductive coupling technology Widspower’s non-contact charger device

8. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 8 Non-radiative resonant technology Intel’s Wireless Resonant Energy Link technology KETI’s thin film type WPT system

9. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 9 RF transmission technology PowerCast’s wireless charger device

10. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 10 DivisionICNIRPCNELECUSAIEEEJAPANKOREA Whole body0.4(0.08) Section Limbs20(4) 1.6 Head10(2) 8(1.6)10(2) Body10(2) 8(1.6)10(2) Tissue mass (g)10 1(Head,Body) 10(Limbs) 10 1 * Figures in the ( ) indicate general public’s one * Reference : IEEE C95.1-2005 Human protection guideline (SAR)

11. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 11 Human protection guideline (E/H field) - General Public - Electric field Magnetic field [2]

12. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 12 Simulation for WPT systems RF transmission system  403 MHz  Pacemaker, Neurological Stimulator, Drug Pump, Cochlear Implants, Capsule Endoscope Inductive coupling system  800 kHz  Capsule Endoscope

13. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 13 Simulation 1 – RF transmission (1)  Frequency : 403 MHz  Model : Korean phantom model (by ETRI)  Antenna : Dipole antenna  Tool : Remcom’s XFDTD 6.6 version 17 1 10 16 15 2 3 4 5 9 6 7 8 11 14 13 12

14. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 14 Simulation 1 – RF transmission (2) Power density vs depth SkinStomach  Skin : 62 ~ 65 %  fat : 57 ~ 62 %  muscle : 38 ~ 41 %  heart : 10 ~ 33 %  liver : 8 ~ 9 %  stomach : 1.8 ~ 6.7 %

15. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 15 Simulation 1 – RF transmission (3) Maximum SAR for 1 W input Average SAR in exposed Object (W/kg) 1.06x10 -2 Maximum 1g SAR (W/kg) 3.34 Maximum 10g SAR (W/kg) 1.70

16. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 16 Simulation 1 – RF transmission (4) Estimated input power for MICS devices Ae = 0.044 (where, ) Pace Maker Neuro. Stimul. Drug Pump Coch. Implant Capsule Endo. 45 mW40 mW3 W7 W25 W

17. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 17 Simulation 1 – RF transmission (5) Estimated maximum SAR values Pace Maker Neuro. Stimul. Drug Pump Coch. Implant Capsule Endo. 1g SAR (W/kg) 0.150.1310.223.3883.5 10g SAR (W/kg) 0.080.075.111.942.5

18. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 18 Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (1) Capsular endoscope Wireless energy receiver Wireless energy transmitter Prototype of C.E developed in Korean research group

19. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 19 Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (2) Wireless power transmission system by inductive coupling. Equivalent current driving circuit for magnetic field generation  Resonance frequency : 800 kHz  Tx coil size : 450 mm (width) * 250 mm (depth) * 450 mm (height)  20 turns  Coil current = 2.6 A  Tool : Ansoft HFSS

20. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 20 Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (3) Magnetic Field Intensity (H) Capsule Endoscope Operation (3.0 VDC, 37 mW) 26 A/m Capsule Endoscope Operation (3.0 VDC, 150 mW ) 119 A/m FCC (USA) Guideline20.4 A/m @ 800 kHz Korea (Occupational) and EC Guideline 2.0 A/m @ 800 kHz Korea (General Public) Guideline0.91 A/m @ 800 kHz Magnetic Field Intensity and Human Exposure Safety [3]

21. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 21 Conclusions WPT technology is useful for MICS. The preliminary study shows that WPT system could cause some hazardous effects on human body. More intensive studies on biological effects due to exposure to such systems are required. Regulate for WPT technology for MICS seems to be necessary..

22. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission Nov 2009 Slide 22 References [1] A Planar Spiral Antenna of Multi-Tabs for Wireless Power Transmission of Inductive Coupling [2] DOC : IEEE 802.15-19-0158-01-0ban [3] Coil Capacitor Circuit Design of a Transcuteneous Energy Transmission System to Deliver Stable Electric Power [4] Wireless Energy Transfer Technology

23. doc.: IEEE 802. 15-08-0766-01-0006 Submission 23 Thank you for your attention! Q & A.