1. Coral Bleaching PSA By Paige Crandall and Jackie Fahrenholz

2.  Ocean temperatures rise above the norm causing coral to stress.  This stress and rise in temperatures causes the zooxanthellae to leave  Zooxanthellae are photosynthetic organisms that live inside of coral and provide them with food  This loss of zooxanthellae causes coral to lose its color and turn a ghostly white, like it was bleached. What is Coral Bleaching?

3.  Any underwater environment solely made up of coral are those being specifically affected  EX: Great Barrier Reef, Red Sea Coral Reef, and Florida Reef Anyone Specifically Affected?

4. Coral Comparison Normal Fan CoralBleached Fan Coral

5.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iW8nCALx5iA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iW8nCALx5iA Movie Time!

6.  Too much carbon dioxide in the air from human pollution  This pollution is caused by the gasses emitted into air from things like cars, factories, and airplanes How Is Coral Bleaching Caused?

7.  If the temperature returns to normal quickly enough, the coral can regain its color (zooxanthellae)  If not, the coral becomes permanently bleached and dies  Once dead the coral becomes covered in filamentous algae Is it Permanent?

8.  The bleaching of coral reef correlates to the constant pollution humans emit daily  Gases from human pollution in the air (CO 2 ) cause the rise in air temperature which cause a rise in ocean temperature Human Interferences?

9.  If not stopped, eventually all coral will become bleached and die  Dead coral gets covered in filamentous algae  Places like the Great Barrier Reef thrive on tourist profit from snorkeling and deep sea diving to look at the coral  Those places will lose a lot of business and all the oceans will look white Possible Outcomes?

10.  Clownfish rely on coral for shelter and protection  Parrot fish eat some coral for food  Coral supports 25% of all marine life  Provides shelter for 25% of all marine life  Coral can be used for treatment for many diseases  Coral protects beaches from tough waves  All aquatic organisms would suffer  Resources would become limited  All oceans would lose their underwater color  Biodiversity heavily decreases Environmental Impact

11.  Organisms in the water are a big part of how certain gases are cycled  Carbon is cycled through green algae in the ocean as well as carbon is dissolved in marine sediments  Green algae and bacteria in the ocean fix, dissolve and release nitrogen into the atmosphere  Now these gases wouldn’t be cycled as often Impact on Cycles

12.  Save Energy  -turning off lights and electronics  Recycle  -plastics, glass, bottles, paper, Styrofoam, etc.  Drive less  -Walk whenever possible, ride a bike, or run instead Ways to Help?

13.  Picture of normal fan coral from:  http://www.okeanosgroup.com/blog/aquariums/how-to-select-the-right- coral-for-your-aquarium/ http://www.okeanosgroup.com/blog/aquariums/how-to-select-the-right- coral-for-your-aquarium/  Picture of algae coral from:  http://www.reefsmagazine.com/showthread.php?t=139240 http://www.reefsmagazine.com/showthread.php?t=139240  Picture of bleached fan coral from:  Google images (couldn’t find citation)  Videos used for all informationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEdoizgeNJk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iW8nCALx5iAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEdoizgeNJk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iW8nCALx5iA  Additional picture not used in presentation but used for reference from:  http://www.reefteach.com.au/about-the-reef/climate-change/coral- bleaching/ Citations