1.  The North had been hurt by the Bubonic Plague and the Hundred Years’ War  By the late 1400s, Renaissance ideas began to spread north from Italy to England, France, and Germany

2.  Northern Renaissance artists were more concerned with religious ideas  These artists wanted to develop plans for changes to society based on Christian values

3.  Merchants brought the ideas from Italy to the rest of Europe  The Printing Press  1440: Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press

4.  Full Name: Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg  Was the first European to use moveable type  First book printed: the Gutenberg Bible

7.  The Printing Press led to:  The spreading of Christianity  Increased literacy  How?  Before: Bible was only written in Latin  After: the Bible was now printed in English and German—more people could read it!

8.  Many of the main figures from the Northern Renaissance were not artists who used paint, but writers.  William Shakespeare  Erasmus  Sir Thomas More

10.  From England  Also known as the “Bard of Avon”  Wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and many other poems and essays  Sonnet: a poem with 14 lines, with each line having 14 syllables ▪ Abab, cdcd, efef, gg  His works deal with universal themes: themes that we can relate to in everyday life.  Like what?

12.  From the Netherlands  Renaissance humanist as well as a Catholic priest  Why is this weird?  His Goal: to reform the Church from inside  Reform: change for the better  Wrote a book called The Praise of Folly  Criticized the Catholic Church’s abuse of power  Helped lead to the Protestant Reformation

14.  From England  Advisor to King Henry VIII  Renaissance humanist and a proud Catholic  Wrote Utopia  Book about a fictional island society where everything is perfect  Why do you think he would want to write about this?

15.  Led to increased:  Individualism ▪ How? By moving away from the church, humans started focusing on how unique and special man can be.  Secularism ▪ How? As people moved away from the church, other organizations such as governments became more powerful.