1. Immigration & Expansion in Antebellum America The Nation Grows Again! APUSH

2. A New Wave of Immigrants “Original” vs “Old” vs “New” vs “Current”“Original” vs “Old” vs “New” vs “Current” “Old” Immigrants“Old” Immigrants –5 million between 1815-1860 ¾ Irish or German (approx 3.75 million)¾ Irish or German (approx 3.75 million) –America = Economic Utopia? Cheap landCheap land But little money…But little money… #1 Irish#1 Irish –Arrived NE, settled cities –Homogenous #2 Germans#2 Germans –Arrived So., settled MS/OH River Valleys – Diverse people group –Commonalities

3. American Response Anti-CatholicismAnti-Catholicism –Protestant vs. Catholic history –Despotism vs Democracy? NativismNativism –Political/Secret societies –Labor Issues Took jobsTook jobs High unionization rateHigh unionization rate Commonwealth vs. HuntCommonwealth vs. Hunt

4. Immigrant Politics & the Democratic Party Whigs Aristocratic image Abolition Temperance Pro-school reform Democrats Sympathetic to common man (a la AJ), therefore sympathetic to immigrants Irish feared freed slaves would become economic rivals Both Germans & Irish were traditionally “hearty” drinking Public schools seen as threat to the teaching of “Catholicness”

5. Democratic Agenda Inculcation of ImmigrantsInculcation of Immigrants –Newspapers, picnics, parades –Result: party line… Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny –John O’ Sullivan, 1845 newspaper editorial –Verbalized sentiment of gov’t policies –Tyler’s 1844 bid for the presidency Explicit program of expansion; called for re- annexation of TX and re-occupation of ORExplicit program of expansion; called for re- annexation of TX and re-occupation of OR

6. Territorial Expansion: Texas TX Revolution/Independence, 1836-37TX Revolution/Independence, 1836-37 –MX encouragement of settlement EmpressariosEmpressarios –MX Gov’t overthrow; 1834 by Santa Anna Rebellions or “civil war”?Rebellions or “civil war”? –Texan Independence Remember the AlamoRemember the Alamo 1837 Independence1837 Independence US Annexation, 1845US Annexation, 1845 –Dem Agenda –Election of 1844: Tyler → Polk

7. Territorial Expansion: Oregon Question of OwnershipQuestion of Ownership –Joint US-GB ownership since 1818 –Columbia River Triangle prize? Polk’s UltimatumPolk’s Ultimatum –49 th Parallel or “54’ 40” or Fight”? –Send in the troops… –Treaty of 1846: GB Cessation Afterward: The Pig WarAfterward: The Pig War

8. US-Mexican War, 1846-1848 CausesCauses –Texas “ownership”? –Border dispute Push for WarPush for War California…California… The War…The War… Treaty of Guadeloupe-HidalgoTreaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo

9. Results The issues of expansion & slavery rose to political forefront in American politics… –Had the Missouri Compromise truly “settled” the issue? –What about now that the US had gained so much “southern” land? –What about the fact that California didn’t have slavery?

10. Reflection Qs 1.Who did each of the two parties appeal to and why? 2.Explain the US rationale for wanting control over Oregon, Texas & California. 3.Detail two things that you learned that were interesting &/or that you will remember easily a month from now.