1. IMMIGRATION, EXPANSION, & SECTIONAL CONFLICT (1840-1848)
CHAPTER 13
IMMIGRATION, EXPANSION, & SECTIONAL CONFLICT ( )

2. Explain the following statement with evidence:
Expansion brought sectional antagonism to the boiling point, split the Democratic party in the late 1840’s, and set the nation on the path to the Civil War.

3. IMMIGRATION: EXPECTATIONS & REALITIES
Causes: Religious freedom for Mormons & Norwegians; Economic opportunity for Germans, British, & Irish.
Most were Irish & German.
Hucksters
Harsh voyage
Many lacked capital needed to start a farm.
Germans were typically skilled and many were farmers; settled further inland.

4. (continued) Famous German immigrants-
German neighborhoods, newspapers, doctors, lawyers, etc….self-sufficient
Irish were Catholic, poor & unskilled and lived in eastern cities to work. (factories, canals, RR)
Irish enemies: free blacks, abolitionists, & nativists. Why?

5. Anti-Immigrant Fervor
Awful Disclosures of the Hotel Dieu Nunnery
Nativism & the Know-Nothing Party (formerly Order of the Star Spangled Banner)
Labor Protests
Commonwealth v. Hunt
Immigrants were fully committed to Democratic Party. Why?

6. Gangs of New York

7. Political support Democrats Whigs Jackson supporters Immigrants
“Common man”
Anti-reform
Whigs
Old Federalists
Anti-Jacksonians
Reformers

8. The west Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
Oregon claimed by Russia, Britain, & U.S.
Tejas (Texas) owned by Mexico.
How does the U.S. end up with both?

9. 1. Events leading to Texas Revolution 1836
Causes for Texas migration
Why did Mexico close the border to U.S. immigrants?
1836: 30,000 Americans, 5,000 slaves, 4,000 Mexicans
Slavery
Causes of Texas Revolution

10. 2. Texas revolution 1836 (Texas independence)
1836- rebellions suppressed by Santa Anna
Sam Houston
Alamo & Goliad
Battle of San Jacinto
Treaty of Velasco
Texas Republic: Should the U.S. annex?

11. 3. Annexation of Texas, 1845 Yes- manifest destiny
No- could lead to war with Mexico & there was the issue of slavery
Tyler enters in 1841 after death of William Henry Harrison
Tyler loses election of 1844, but leaves with a legacy: Texas

12. (continued)
1844- dark horse candidate James K. Polk (Democrat) was an expansionist.
Tyler considered Polk’s win as a signal to push annexation.
Tyler persuaded Congress to pass a joint resolution which only required a simple majority. Texas annexed!

13. 4. Mexican War
Causes- $2 million debt, Alamo & Goliad, Texas Annexation, border dispute
Polk’s decision to start a war (& offer to purchase CA, NM)
Lincoln’s “Spot Resolution”
Major military leaders: Zachary Taylor & Winfield Scott

14. 5. Results of the mexican war
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: U.S. gets Texas, border settled at Rio Grande, and bought New Mexico & California for $15 million.
Why did we pay for territory?
Why didn’t we take all of Mexico?
With the vast amount of additional land, what controversial issue arises?
SLAVERY!

15. ATTEMPT TO SETTLE ISSUE OF SLAVERY & EXPANSION
Wilmot Proviso
David Wilmot of Pennsylvania.
Proposed that slavery be prohibited in newly acquired territories.
Southern Dems opposed on basis that it was south of the Missouri Compromise.
Passed in the House, but not the Senate.
Caused a split in the Democratic Party along sectional lines.
Could Congress prohibit slavery?

16. 6. Oregon 1840-1848: 11,500 Americans travelled to Oregon territory.
Oregon issue was significant in election of 1844: “54◦40’ or FIGHT!”
Polk compromised at the 49th parallel.
Angered western Dems.

17. United states map in 1853

18. James k. polk 

19. NPR
NPR Clip