1. Ch. 14 Sec. 2 The Age of Railroads

2. Railroads Span Time and Space / Railroads make local transit reliable and westward expansion possible. / Governments provide large land grants for railroads to build upon. / Railroads make local transit reliable and westward expansion possible. / Governments provide large land grants for railroads to build upon.

3. National Network / The transcontinental railroad makes one single rail line from east to west. / The trans. railroad is completed in 1869. / Regional railroads multiply across the country. / The transcontinental railroad makes one single rail line from east to west. / The trans. railroad is completed in 1869. / Regional railroads multiply across the country.

4. Romance And Reality / Because of railroads, many dream of having land out west. / Railroad is very dangerous for workers including many Chinese and Irish Immigrants. / Dangers include attacks from Native Americans and thousands of work-related accidents. / Because of railroads, many dream of having land out west. / Railroad is very dangerous for workers including many Chinese and Irish Immigrants. / Dangers include attacks from Native Americans and thousands of work-related accidents.

5. Railroad Time / Before railroads, there is no standard time. / Railroads support Prof. Dowd’s plan of 4 time zones - Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific. / Eventually all American adopt the standard time zones. / Before railroads, there is no standard time. / Railroads support Prof. Dowd’s plan of 4 time zones - Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific. / Eventually all American adopt the standard time zones.

6. Opportunities and Opportunists / Railroads help the growth of many related industries like iron, coal, steel, lumber, and gas. / Railroads also help the growth of new towns and markets. / Railroad companies explode in number and in the amount of scandal. / Railroads help the growth of many related industries like iron, coal, steel, lumber, and gas. / Railroads also help the growth of new towns and markets. / Railroad companies explode in number and in the amount of scandal.

7. New Towns and Markets / Most cities and towns are linked with railroads. / Cities like Chicago grow as their products can reach distant markets. / New cities like Denver, Colorado pop up all throughout the west because of the railroads. / Most cities and towns are linked with railroads. / Cities like Chicago grow as their products can reach distant markets. / New cities like Denver, Colorado pop up all throughout the west because of the railroads.

8. Pullman / George Pullman develops a fully-enclosed community for the people who work on his sleeper cars. / All aspects of a worker are controlled not being able to stand on their front steps or drinking. / Strict controls on workers pay leads to a violent strike in 1894. / George Pullman develops a fully-enclosed community for the people who work on his sleeper cars. / All aspects of a worker are controlled not being able to stand on their front steps or drinking. / Strict controls on workers pay leads to a violent strike in 1894.

9. Credit Mobilier / Corruption becomes a large problem with large railroad companies. / Stockholders in the Credit Mobilier company overcharge for track construction and pocket the money. / Many high-ranking government officials including the Vice-President of the US and many Congressmen. / Corruption becomes a large problem with large railroad companies. / Stockholders in the Credit Mobilier company overcharge for track construction and pocket the money. / Many high-ranking government officials including the Vice-President of the US and many Congressmen.

10. The Grange and the Railroads / Farmers are angry with the railroad companies because of misuse of their power. / Farmers organize against the railroad in an organization called the Grangers. / Farmers are angry with the railroad companies because of misuse of their power. / Farmers organize against the railroad in an organization called the Grangers.

11. Railroad Abuses / RR companies sell land grants to businesses instead of farmers. / RR Comps. work together to fix prices at a high rate. / They charge higher rates if they are the only RR option. / RR companies sell land grants to businesses instead of farmers. / RR Comps. work together to fix prices at a high rate. / They charge higher rates if they are the only RR option.

12. Granger Laws / Grangers take political action against RR’s by sponsoring local candidates and pushing for favorable legislation. / States create laws to regulate RR’s. This is upheld by the Supreme Court decision Munn v. Illinois. / The federal government stepping in to regulate private industry is a very important precedent. / Grangers take political action against RR’s by sponsoring local candidates and pushing for favorable legislation. / States create laws to regulate RR’s. This is upheld by the Supreme Court decision Munn v. Illinois. / The federal government stepping in to regulate private industry is a very important precedent.

13. Interstate Commerce Act / Interstate Commerce Act (1887) established a 5 member committee, Interstate Commerce Committee, (ICC) to regulate interstate commerce like RR’s. / Later Supreme court rules that the ICC cannot regulate RR rates. / Interstate Commerce Act (1887) established a 5 member committee, Interstate Commerce Committee, (ICC) to regulate interstate commerce like RR’s. / Later Supreme court rules that the ICC cannot regulate RR rates.

14. Panic and Consolidation / Many RR’s go bankrupt because of corporate abuses, mismanagement, overbuilding, and competition. / Financial trouble of the RR’s pushes the whole country in to an economic depression. / Most of the RR companies are bought up by financial institutions like those owned by JP Morgan. / Many RR’s go bankrupt because of corporate abuses, mismanagement, overbuilding, and competition. / Financial trouble of the RR’s pushes the whole country in to an economic depression. / Most of the RR companies are bought up by financial institutions like those owned by JP Morgan.