3. Agenda Terminology and infrastructure: metasearching, federated searching Federated searching: examples, advantages, disadvantages OpenURL linking Metasearching: examples, advantages, disadvantages Different types of searches, different types of users Is Google Scholar here to stay? Making Google Scholar better Educating our users Conclusions

4. Metasearching Diverse information resources Query form ?

5. Metasearching Query form ? Diverse information resources Just-in-time

6. Federated Searching Diverse information resources Query form ? R e p o s i t o r y Just-in-case

7. Federated Searching Examples: Systems developed at institutions (e.g., Los Alamos National Laboratories; DTV, Denmark; Max Planck) Scirus CrossRef Search Google Scholar

11. Google Scholar is different It’s Google; people love it. Has unparalleled software and hardware resources Uses sophisticated crawling techniques Relies on well-established collaboration with publishers Huge!

12. Google Scholar Advantages: Quick Familiar Available System has full control over the data Sophisticated searching Relevance ranking Matching …

13. Google Scholar Disadvantages: Secretive and vague about Definition of scholarly information Scope, coverage, and accuracy of the content Relevance ranking algorithm Business model Not trustworthy? Note: Still in beta-test

14. Google Scholar Disadvantages: Data is not complete Data is not up-to-date Citation information not reliable No way to scope searching No institutional branding No output tools No personalized services* No library control!

16. Google Scholar OpenURL linking Available since May 10, 2005 Enable library-defined services via a link resolver However: require the upload of holdings into Google Scholar

19. Metasearching

22. Metasearch Systems Advantages: Fully controlled by the library Provide access to known, reliable resources Up-to-date* Enable focusing on specific scope Can be tailored to specific users Customizable; enable local branding Integration with local system

23. Metasearch Systems Disadvantages: Performance Configuration of resources* Processing of results applies to retrieved records Require maintenance

24. Different types of users, different types of searches Research needs differ from one user to another Search versus locate Searching can be disconnected Four levels of research: Google Google Scholar Metasearch systems Native interfaces

25. Is Google Scholar Here to Stay? Probably so, depending on Google’s plans And it will certainly be used by end users

26. If you cannot beat them, join them* Depends on the business model OpenURL linking was a good sign Encourage Google Scholar to make it a better resource Making Google Scholar Better

27. Meanwhile, educate! Include Google Scholar as well as metasearch systems in introductory courses Encourage instructors to refer to the resources for research Use the library tools to provide a better research environment Educate Our Users

28. Conclusions Metasearch systems are much more “librarian-approved” than Google Scholar* However, users will use Google Scholar no matter what For the research environment, Google Scholar is better than Google Good research experience and education are required

29. Thank you!