2. Solids 1. Which state of matter has a definite volume and a definite shape? 2. True or False? A solid will keep its volume and its shape in any position and in any container. 3. Why do solids have a definite shape and a definite volume? 4. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about particles in a solid. a. They are completely motionless. b. They stay in about the same position. c. They vibrate back and forth. d. They move around one another freely. SOLID Because particles are packed tightly together and stay in fixed positions

3. Liquids 5. Which state of matter has no definite shape but does have a definite volume? 6. True or false? A liquid’s volume does not change no matter what shape its container has. 7. A substance that flows is called a(n) 8. What causes surface tension? 9. Circle the letter of the term that means the resistance of a liquid to flowing. a. amorphousb. solidc. viscosityd. surface tension 10. True or false? Liquids with high viscosity flow quickly. The inward pull among molecules of a liquid LIQUID FLUID

4. Gases 11. Which state of matter has neither definite shape nor volume? 12. If you put a gas into a container with a top, what will the gas do? 13. True or false? Like a liquid, a gas is a fluid. GAS Fill the whole container

5. 14. In the containers below, draw how the particles are arranged in the three states of matter.

6. Changes Between Solid and Liquid 1. The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called 2. In most pure substances, melting occurs at a specific temperature called the 3. The change of state from liquid to solid is called 4. True or false? At its freezing point, the particles of a solid are vibrating so fast that they break free from their fixed positions. MELTING Melting Point Freezing

7. Changes between liquid and Gas 5. The change from a liquid to a gas is called 6. When does vaporization take place? 7. Each liquid boils only at a certain temperature, which is called its 9. True or false? Condensation is the opposite of vaporization. 10. When condensation occurs, does a gas lose or gain thermal energy? Match the term with its example. ____ 11. vaporizationa. A pot of water reaches its boiling point. ____ 12. evaporationb. Liquid water changes into water vapor. ____ 13. boilingc. Clouds form from water vapor in the sky. ____ 14. Condensationd. A puddle dries up after a rain shower. Vaporization Boiling Point Lose energy When the liquid gains enough energy

8. Changes between Solid and Gas 15. During, particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas. 16. Give an example of sublimation. sublimation Dry Ice (solid to gas)

11. SOLIDS Shape: Definite= doesn’t change Volume: Definite Particle Movement: packed tightly and vibrate in place.

12. LIQUIDS Shape: take shape of container Volume: Definite Particle Movement: Farther apart than solid, but still close and move over each other

13. GASES Shape: shape of the container Volume: Same as container Particle Movement: fast, bounce off each other, and spread far apart to fill container.

14. Changes in States of Matter Matter changes between the different states if ENERGY is added or taken away from it The energy added or taken away is almost always heat When heat is added, molecules start to move faster When heat is taken away, molecules start to move slower

15. Changes in States of Matter Freezing: liquid to solid Melting: solid to liquid Evaporation: liquid to gas Condensation: gas to liquid Sublimation: solid to gas (no liquid phase) Solid Freezing Gas Condensation Liquid Sublimation Evaporation Melting

16. For matter to change from one phase to another we need to add or take away…

17. Phase Action Heroes p.5-6 Homework due next time. (PLANNERS!) Intro Requirements Name (Solid Man) Color Drawing (comic frame) Describe 3 characteristics and how it relates to properties Example: Solid-Weakness = Slow moving How= particles in solids move slowly Share next time!

18.  Teacher will assign groups (4-5)  Do pre-lab Investigation and read procedure. 1. Solid - vibrates in place - Liquid – move about – Gas – move about fast – 2. Heat Energy 3. Solid to gas skipping liquid 4. Carbon Dioxide Hypothesis: If we increase the temperature and pressure of dry ice, then the dry ice will …. because ….

19.  Pay attention as teacher demonstrates  Get up close so you can see the reactions.  Follow all lab safety rules. Must use safety goggles  Write data on Data Table (p.8) before, during, and after.  Clean up! Dry everything. Replace pipette. Spread out towels to dry.  Answer analysis questions  WRITE CONCLUSION IN 5 SENTENCE FORMAT. Start with: We wanted to know what would happen to dry ice if…. Start with: We wanted to know what would happen to dry ice if….

20.  DATA (2 observations) Before: During: After:  ANALYSIS QUESTIONS 1. Melting, evaporation, sublimation? 2. Add controlled heat 3. Added pressure 4. They can melt instead of sublimate.

21.  1 st Question: We wanted to know what would happen to dry ice when….  2 nd What did we do? We put dry ice in a pipette and ….  3 rd What were the results? We saw bubbles and liquid forming….we also saw….  4 th restate hypothesis We thought that the dry ice would melt, but….  5 th answer the question Finally, if you increase temperature and pressure of dry ice….

22. Particles in Motion Lab-Liquids Hypothesis: If we drop food coloring in different temperatures of water, then the food coloring will mix the fastest in the hot water because molecules are moving faster Data Table- Don’t forget units Analysis Questions 1. The hot water mixed faster that the others. (Answers will vary) 2. The movement of particles in the water and food coloring. The faster they move the quicker the food coloring will mix. 3. The blue and green food coloring are made of different molecules than the red causing them to move slower than the red. Conclusion (5 sentence format) Example: Our team was trying to determine how temperature affected the motion food coloring particle in water. We tested this by adding food coloring to water of three different temperatures and timing how long it took to mix. Our results showed that the warmer the water the shorter the time to mix. Therefore, our results support our hypothesis that the hot water would mix the fastest. So our conclusion I that as temperature increases particle motion of liquids increase.

23. Particles in Motion Lab-Gases Hypothesis- If we change the temperature of gases in a balloon, then the balloon will expand when heated and contract when cooled because the particle motion will change with temperature. Data Table – Don’t forget units. Analysis Questions 1. c. Volume 2. The balloon expanded when heated and contracted when cooled. 3. Increase. Yes, because the molecules are moving faster and further apart. 4. Decrease. Yes, because as the molecules are moving slower they get closer together. 5. You need to measure the mass and volume of the closed container.

24. 6. See the board 7. The molecule movement of the air inside the balloon keep the balloon inflated even after cooling. 8. Conclusion: (5 sentence format) Example: We wanted to know how temperature affected the volume of a gas. We investigated this by filling a balloon with air the heating and cooling it, comparing the circumference of the balloon before and after. Our results showed the balloon got bigger when heated and smaller when cooled. These results support our hypothesis. So gases expand when heated and contract when cooled. Particles in Motion Lab-Gases

25. Watch closely as your teacher conducts a demonstration! Watch closely as your teacher conducts a demonstration! Then answer the questions using the pictures. Then answer the questions using the pictures. ENGINEERING FOR EXPANSION ENGINEERING FOR EXPANSION P.13-14

26. Expansion and contraction can cause problems for engineers when they are planning bridges, cities, road and other infrastructure. If they don’t take changing temperatures and the weather of the area they are working in into account, it can cause major problems. Look at the following pictures and answer the questions in terms of expansion or contraction.

29. It’s all about concentration !

30. Diffusion is a property of matter. Particles of matter are in constant motion, so they often bump into one another. This causes the particles to spread out evenly in the area they are in.

31. Scent: TIMER Scent: Your teacher will spray a scent in the front of the classroom. When you can smell it, raise your hand (keep it up). With your other hand, write down how long it took for you to smell the vanilla? TIMER TIMER How would the distance between you and the scent change the time it takes for you to smell it? (Hint: Think about how long it took people to raise their hands) If it was sprayed in the front of the room, how did the people in the back smell it? Light: Light: Teacher will shine a light, observe carefully. Describe what you observe in the beam of light. Why do you see the dust moving?

32. Diffusion is the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration Concentration: how many particles are in a given volume. High concentration = more crowded particles Low concentration = less crowded particles (more spread out)

33. Look at the picture in your booklet. Determine which side has a high concentration and which one has a low concentration.

34. Video Link

35. http://wps.pearsoned.com.au/cw1/9 8/25305/6478141.cw/- /6478158/index.html http://wps.pearsoned.com.au/cw1/9 8/25305/6478141.cw/- /6478158/index.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/phy sics/states-of-matter.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/phy sics/states-of-matter.html

36. Not gonna do it! Cross out pages 15-16 Cross out diffusion in a dish on the grading sheet You can do it for fun if you have time.

37. 1. The water is coldest and the particles (molecules of water) move the slowest of all 2. The hotter the water, the faster the molecules move and the food coloring mixes faster. 3. Particles (atoms and molecules) are always moving, so they spread out through diffusion from high to low concentration. 4. Through diffusion and the fact that particles always move 5. The molecules speed up (go faster) 6. Volume increases because the particles are moving faster and further apart 7. Heat. The molecules take on energy, speed up, move farther apart

38. 8. The motion increases (move faster) 9. liquid 10. ENERGY 11. d 12. b 13. c 14. e 15. a 16. Diagram A because they are moving from high to low concentration 17. They could taste the water to see if it is sweet or look to see if the entire sugar cube dissolved and diffused. 18. a. adding energy, making it bigger b. increased c. The container could break (pop)

39. 19. The balloon will be smaller 20. a. To prevent buckling/breaking from expansion b. slabs on each side expand so cracks get smaller c. the slabs contract making wider cracks 21. The metal door might have expanded due to heat and filled the frame 22. So expansion does not cause the window to break 23. Engineering, building 24. The particles in the ball moved faster to the ball expanded and could not fit through.