1. States of Matter Chapter 8

2. Matter Has mass Takes up space (volume)

3. Kinetic Theory of Matter All matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant movement The type of matter depends on the speed of the movement of its particles Slowly – solid Little faster – liquid Fastest – gas Even Faster - plasma

4. 4 states of matter

5. Solids Definite shape Definite volume Particles are tightly packed together Particles are moving very slowly (vibrates)

6. Crystalline Solid Crystals – repeating orderly arrangement of particles in a solid Examples: table salt snowflake

7. Noncrystalline Solid Amorphous solid – having no form Appear as solid but are not Not made of crystals Thick liquid Examples: hard candy wax, glass, plastics

8. Liquids Flows Takes shape of container Has definite volume Particles farther apart than in solid Particles move faster than solid

9. Gases No definite shape No definite volume Particles are farthest apart Particles are moving fastest Particles bounce off each other

10. Plasma Gas-like mixture of positive and negative charged particles. Extremely hot substances Move so fast particles collide forming positively and negatively charged particles.

11. plasma Examples: sun nebula fluorescent light

12. Thermal expansion Matter expands when heat is added because the particles are moving faster and taking up more room Matter contracts when heat is removed because the particles are slowing down and taking up less room.

13. How a thermometer works. The particles in the gas around it bounce onto the bulb and into the alcohol inside the tube. The alcohol particles become energized and move faster. They expand up the tube.

14. Expansion joints Found on bridges and roads Used to help the concrete expand and contract so that it doesn’t crack

15. Changes of States of Matter Vaporization – changing from liquid into gas - boiling - high temperature to boiling point Add heat – particles move faster – break forces Ex. Boiling of water adds heat to H 2 O until bubbles of gas occur under surface and rise to the top. Evaporation – changing from a liquid into a gas - changes gradually at temperatures below the boiling point Freezing – changing from liquid to solid Remove heat – particles slow down – forces are stronger and hold particles together

16. Sublimation – solid changes directly into a gas or gas changes directly into a solid -ex; dry ice hot ice frozen CO 2 (carbon dioxide) appears to be steaming

17. Condensation – gas changes into a liquid temperature is at or below its boiling point

18. Heat and State Change Heat of fusion – amt. of energy needed to change a solid into a liquid Heat of vaporization – amt of energy needed to change a liquid into a gas