1. Definition of Composite Volcanoes

2. Composite Volcanoes - Photos Mt. Taranaki, NZ Mt. Ruapehu, NZ Mt. Tongariro, NZ

3. General Characteristics - Composite Cones

4. Volcanic Deposits From: Academic Press, Composite Volcanoes

5. Radial Distribution of Products

6. Composite Volcano Lithofacies

7. Stage Geomorphic signature 1Fresh, young cones, often dark, pristine lava flows and summit crater visible, sharp profile; not glaciated 2Small gullies on flanks, lavas visible and crater may exist, but degraded; cone still sharp, dark apron gone; moraines present 3Individual lava flows barely visible, no crater, well-established gullies,constructional surfaces dwindling; planezes initiated 4No lava flows visible, deeply incised gullies, large planezes, little original cone surface left; considerable relief; major U-shaped glacial valleys in glaciated regions 5Barely recognizable, low relief; radial symmetry the only clue to volcanic origin Erosional Stages of Volcanoes

8. Factors Controlling Volcano Growth

9. Volcano Morphology Many of the controls on this shape can be understood by considering the geometry of a cone. The volume v of a simple cone is given by v = 1/3π r 2 h where r is the radius of the base and h is the height of the cone. For a typical steady-state volcano with the concave-upward profile, a more complex exponential form is needed: r = Be Mh where B and M are constants found by integration.